Waldsteinia |
Waldsteinia fragarioides |
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barren-strawberry, waldsteinie |
Appalachian barren strawberry, common barren-strawberry, faux-fraisier |
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Habit | Herbs, perennial, scapose, often mat-forming, 1–4 dm, strigose; rhizomatous. | Herbs, 10–20 cm. | ||||||||||||
Stems | 1–20+, ± erect. |
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Leaves | deciduous, basal, sometimes clustered around scape, simple or compound; stipules adnate to petiole base, narrow, scarious, margins entire; petiole present; blade ± rounded, deeply cordate, ternate or 3–5(–7)-lobed, 3–5 cm, herbaceous, margins flat, when lobes usually shallow, dentate, often with large teeth distally, venation palmate, surfaces strigose or hirsute. |
mostly ternately compound, rarely merely deeply lobed; leaflets broadly cuneate-obovate, 3–5 cm, lateral ones ± asymmetric, margins commonly shallowly and irregularly lobed, surfaces sparsely strigose, principal veins often densely strigose. |
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Inflorescences | terminal, 3–8-flowered, panicles, open, ± as long as petioles, elongating somewhat in fruit; bracts present; bracteoles absent. |
3–8-flowered. |
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Pedicels | present. |
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Flowers | 8–20 mm diam.; epicalyx bractlets 0 [5, minute]; hypanthium broadly obconic to obcampanulate, slightly contracted at mouth, 2–4 mm, strigose or glabrous; sepals 5, spreading, triangular; petals 5, yellow, obovate to elliptic, elliptic-lanceolate, or suborbiculate; stamens 50–70, ± equal to petals, filaments persistent; torus not evident, receptacle base villous; carpels 3–7, short-villous; ovule 1. |
14–20 mm diam.; hypanthium obcampanulate, 2–4 mm, externally strigose or glabrous; petals obovate to broadly elliptic, 3.5–10 mm, much longer than sepals, apex obtuse or rounded; carpels 3–5. |
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Fruits | aggregated achenes, 3–7, broadly crescent-shaped, 1.5–2.5 mm, short-villous; hypanthium persistent; sepals persistent, ± reflexed; styles deciduous, not hooked. |
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x | = 7. |
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Waldsteinia |
Waldsteinia fragarioides |
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Phenology | Flowering Apr–May. | |||||||||||||
Habitat | Moist or dry hardwood forests or mixed conifer-hardwood forests | |||||||||||||
Elevation | 0–600 m (0–2000 ft) | |||||||||||||
Distribution |
North America; Eurasia; temperate regions |
CT; IL; IN; KY; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; NC; NH; NJ; NY; OH; PA; TN; VA; VT; WI; WV; NB; ON; QC
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Discussion | Species 6 or 7 (4 in the flora). Plants of Waldsteinia are distinctive, small, rhizomatous, and often mat-forming herbs of woodlands with ternate or three- to five-lobed leaves, differing from Geum by their long, straight, deciduous styles. J. E. E. Smedmark (2006) showed that the type species of Waldsteinia is nested in Geum. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Waldsteinia doniana is usually synonymized with W. parviflora; according to M. L. Fernald (1935) it is based on an aberrant cultivated form of W. fragarioides. Waldsteinia fragarioides and W. parviflora are often combined, then often distinguished as varieties. The flower size of W. fragarioides is very variable, and it seems that larger flowers are more usual in the north of the range. The best differentiator from W. parviflora is sepal length relative to petal length, and all specimens with adequate material seen by the author were distinguishable. Waldsteinia fragarioides is used as a mat-forming groundcover in ornamental horticulture. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 9, p. 71. | FNA vol. 9, p. 71. | ||||||||||||
Parent taxa | ||||||||||||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||||||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||||||||||
Synonyms | Dalibarda fragarioides, Geum donianum, G. fragarioides, W. doniana, W. fragarioides subsp. doniana | |||||||||||||
Name authority | Willdenow: Ges. Naturf. Freunde Berlin Neue Schriften 2: 105, plate 4, fig. 1. (1799) | (Michaux) Trattinnick: Rosac. Monogr. 3: 107. (1823) | ||||||||||||
Web links |