Veratrum viride |
Veratrum californicum |
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American false hellebore, corn lily, green false-hellebore, Indian hellebore, Indian-poke, showy false hellebore, vérâtre verti |
California corn lily, California false hellebore, Californian false hellebore, false-hellebore |
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Stems | 0.5–2 m, nearly glabrous to densely tomentose. |
1–2.5 m, ± glabrous proximally, tomentose distally. |
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Leaves | ovate to elliptic, reduced distally, to lanceolate, 15–35 × 8–20 cm, glabrous to densely hairy, especially on abaxial surface. |
ovate, distalmost lanceolate to lance-linear, 20–40 × 15–25 cm, reduced distally, tomentose-ciliate, curly-hairy abaxially, glabrous or veins sparsely short-hairy adaxially. |
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Inflorescences | paniculate, with ascending to spreading or distinctly drooping (particularly in w North America) branches, 30–70 cm, tomentose; bracts lanceolate, shorter than flowers. |
dense-paniculate, with spreading to stiffly erect branches to near tip or distal 1/3–1/2 unbranched, 30–70 cm, tomentose; bracts ovate-elliptic to lanceolate, shorter than to obviously longer than flowers. |
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Capsules | oblong-ovoid, 2–3 cm, glabrous. |
narrowly ovoid, 2–3 cm, glabrous. |
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Seeds | flat, broadly winged, 8–10 mm. |
flat, winged, 10–12 mm. |
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Tepals | deep green to yellowish, lanceolate to oblong-elliptic, narrowed to short, broad claw, 5–12 mm, tomentose adaxially, margins of both whorls or at least inner obviously erose-serrulate; gland 1, basal, dark green or yellowish green, V-shaped; ovary glabrous; pedicel 2–10 mm. |
creamy white, greenish basally, lanceolate to elliptic or oblong-ovate, not or very slightly clawed, 8–17 mm, margins entire to denticulate, glabrous to abaxially tomentose; gland 1, basal, green, V-shaped; ovary glabrous or with few hairs; pedicel 1–6 mm. |
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Veratrum viride |
Veratrum californicum |
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Distribution |
North America
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w North America
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Discussion | Varieties 2 (2 in the flora). Veratrum viride consists of two clearly related, disjunct populations, one in eastern and one in western North America. These were clearly separated by continental glaciation and have subsequently evolved in isolation. Nonetheless they show many critical features in common, and individual plants from either region occasionally show one or more features common to plants in the other. The two populations have been variously classified as separate species, varieties, or subspecies, or as a single taxon. We have chosen to recognize two distinctive, if subtle, varieties. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Varieties 2 (2 in the flora). Different geographic elements of Veratrum californicum have been described as separate species or varieties. The variation seems to be clinal, with most variants not consistent in their appearance or distribution. We have recognized two varieties that appear to be fairly consistent in their distributions and characteristics. Western Native Americans (Blackfeet, Paiute, Shoshone, Thompson, and Washoe) used this species as an antirheumatic, poison, contraceptive, and emetic, as well as a skin, respiratory, blood, cold, snake bite, throat, and toothache aid (D. E. Moerman 1986). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 26, p. 74. | FNA vol. 26, p. 75. | ||||||||
Parent taxa | ||||||||||
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Subordinate taxa | ||||||||||
Name authority | Aiton: Hort. Kew. 3: 422. (1789) | Durand: J. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, ser. 2, 3: 103. (1855) | ||||||||
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