Triantha |
Triantha racemosa |
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false-asphodel, tofieldia |
coastal false asphodel, southern bog asphodel |
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Habit | Herbs, perennial, rhizomatous. | |||||||||
Stems | glandular and/or glandular-pubescent. |
leafless, or with 1–3 leaves towards base, 20–70 cm, coarsely glandular-pubescent below inflorescence. |
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Leaves | mostly basal with 0–3 towards stem base, 2-ranked, equitant; blade linear. |
blades to 35 cm × 6 mm. |
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Inflorescences | terminal, racemose, open or dense and spikelike, elongating in fruit, bracteate, bracteolate; bracteoles connate in epicalyx. |
racemose, 15–80-flowered, usually open, 3–22 cm; bracts subtending pedicel in cluster; bracteoles shallowly 3-lobed or cleft from proximal 1/3 to base, lobes acute or rounded, usually glandular. |
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Flowers | borne in clusters of 2–7; tepals persistent, 6, in 2 somewhat dissimiliar series, distinct; stamens 6; filaments strongly flattened, dilated basally; anthers basifixed, 2-locular, introrse, without appendages; ovary superior, stipitate, apocarpous basally, glabrous; intercarpellary nectary present; styles 3. |
borne in clusters of (2–)3(–7), proximal sometimes remote; perianth white, drying orange; tepals 2.5–5 mm, inner series narrower, longer; stamens 2.5–4.5 mm; ovary ellipsoid to cylindrical, usually tapering abruptly to style base, forming rounded shoulder; styles connate basally into column 1/4–2/3 their length, 1–1.8 mm; pedicel 2–12 mm. |
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Fruits | capsular, ovoid to broadly ellipsoid or cylindrical, glabrous, dehiscence septicidal, then adaxially loculicidal. |
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Capsules | ovoid to subglobose, 3–5 mm, ± equaling or slightly longer than tepals and ± enclosed by them, hard. |
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Seeds | appendaged. |
reddish brown, ca. 1 mm; appendages 1 or 2 with one at one end ca. 1/2 to equaling seed, one at opposite end often much shorter; coat absent. |
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x | = 15. |
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Triantha |
Triantha racemosa |
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Phenology | Flowering summer. | |||||||||
Habitat | Boggy areas, pine barrens, savannas | |||||||||
Elevation | 0–400 m (0–1300 ft) | |||||||||
Distribution |
North America; Japan |
AL; DC; DE; FL; GA; LA; MD; MS; TX; VA
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Discussion | Species 4 (3 in the flora). Recognition here of the genus Triantha follows J. G. Baker (1879) and R. R. Gates (1918); see J. G. Packer (1993). R. W. Cruden (1991) provided cladistic evidence supporting this segregation from Tofieldia. In the absence of any clear understanding of evolutionary relationships within Triantha, the species are here listed alphabetically. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Specimens of Triantha collected in Burlington County, New Jersey, have generally been determined as T. racemosa. However, the population is variable, and while there are aspects in some of these plants suggestive of T. racemosa that would explain the determinations, others are closer morphologically to T. glutinosa. This is seen in the typical “glutinosa” glands, the narrower, less-spreading bracteoles that usually lack glandular hairs, the more-ascending pedicels, the shorter internodes in most inflorescences, and the chartaceous capsules. I suppose that in the past the two species had overlapping ranges in this northeastern region where they no longer are found, and that some hybridization between T. glutinosa and T. racemosa has occurred. The Burlington County population is a surviving disjunct remnant with attributes of both species. The specimens have been annotated T. glutinosa × T. racemosa, and New Jersey is omitted from the list of states in which T. racemosa is found. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 26, p. 61. | FNA vol. 26, p. 64. | ||||||||
Parent taxa | ||||||||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||||||
Synonyms | Tofieldia section T. | Melanthium racemosum, Tofieldia racemosa | ||||||||
Name authority | (Nuttall) Baker: J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 17: 490. (1879) | (Walter) Small: Fl. S.E. U.S., 249, 1328. (1903) | ||||||||
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