Streptopus |
Streptopus amplexifolius |
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twisted-stalk |
clasp-leaf twisted-stalk, clasping twisted-stalk, clasping-leaf twistedstalk, cucumber root, white twisted-stalk |
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Habit | Herbs, perennial, rhizomatous. | Plants from thick rhizomes. | ||||||||
Stems | simple to highly branched. |
freely branched, stout, 5–12 dm, often with reddish hairs basally, nodes not fringed. |
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Leaves | numerous, sessile; blade elliptic to ovate, base rounded to cordate-clasping, apex acute to acuminate. |
5–15 × 2.5–6 cm; blade ovate-oblong to oblong-lanceolate, base cordate-clasping, apex acuminate; peduncle: junction with pedicel abrupt, with glands indicating transition, entire structure 2–5 cm, glands short-stalked. |
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Inflorescences | 1–2-flowered, peduncle slender, adnate to stem for 1 internode and arising opposite next leaf axil, junction with pedicel abrupt or not, entire structure recurved. |
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Flowers | small, borne beneath leaves; perianth rotate or campanulate; tepals deciduous, erect to spreading or recurved, distinct, white to greenish yellow to rose, oblanceolate to oblong; stamens hypogynous; filaments short, broad, flat; anthers basifixed, apex minutely apiculate or with tapering, setose points, extrorse; ovary superior, 3-locular; style slender to bulbous; stigma unlobed or 3-lobed; pedicel geniculate. |
1–2 per axil; perianth campanulate; tepals spreading, recurved at tips, white to greenish yellow, narrowly oblong-lanceolate, 9–15 mm; stamens unequal, outer shorter, 0.8–1 mm, inner 2–3 mm; anthers lanceolate, 3–3.5 mm, apex 1-pointed; style stout, 4–5 mm; stigma fused from base to tip, unlobed; combined peduncles and pedicels recurved, 2–5 cm, short-stalked glands indicating transition; pedicel sharply geniculate, glabrous. |
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Fruits | baccate, orangish to dark red, ellipsoid to globose. |
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Berries | whitish green maturing to yellowish orange or red, ellipsoid, 10–12 mm. |
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Seeds | pale yellow, elongate, grooved longitudinally. |
2.5–3 mm. |
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x | = 8. |
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2n | = 16, 32. |
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Streptopus |
Streptopus amplexifolius |
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Phenology | Flowering late spring–mid summer. | |||||||||
Habitat | Rich moist coniferous and deciduous woods | |||||||||
Elevation | 0–2800 m (0–9200 ft) | |||||||||
Distribution |
n temperate North America and Eurasia |
AK; AZ; CA; CO; CT; ID; MA; ME; MI; MN; MT; NC; NH; NM; NY; OR; PA; SD; TN; UT; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NL; NS; NT; ON; PE; QC; SK; YT; SPM; Greenland; Eurasia
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Discussion | Species 7 (3 in the flora). Streptopus ×oreopolus Fernald (as species) is a sterile hybrid (2n = 24) between S. amplexifolius and S. lanceolatus, and is found in subalpine woods and meadows in glaciated areas of Newfoundland, eastern Quebec, western Ontario, Maine, and New Hampshire (D. Löve and H. Harries 1963; C. Gervais 1979). Its characteristics are intermediate between those of the parent species, except that the leaves are distinctly ciliate-denticulate, the tepals are roseate to deep purple overall, and the berries are deep red. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Several poorly defined races described by N. C. Fassett (1935) as varieties based chiefly on minute difference in leaf-margin serration are not here recognized. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 26, p. 145. | FNA vol. 26, p. 146. | ||||||||
Parent taxa | ||||||||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||||||
Synonyms | Uvularia amplexifolia, S. amplexifolius subsp. americanus, S. amplexifolius var. americanus, S. amplexifolius var. chalazatus, S. amplexifolius var. denticulatus, S. amplexifolius var. grandiflorus, S. fassettii, Tortipes amplexifolius | |||||||||
Name authority | Michaux: Fl. Bor.-Amer. 1: 200. (1803) | (Linnaeus) de Candolle: in J. Lamarck and A. P. de Candolle, Fl. Franç. ed. 3, 3: 174. (1805) | ||||||||
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