Silene acaulis |
Silene petersonii |
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moss campion, silène acaule |
Peterson's campion or catchfly, plateau catchfly |
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Habit | Plants perennial, mat- or cushion-forming, subglabrous; taproot stout; caudex much-branched, becoming woody. | Plants perennial, rhizomatous; caudex thick, with many rhizomatous, creeping, branched, slender subterranean shoots, terminating in tight tufts of leaves and erect flowering stems. |
Stems | simple, 5–15 cm, pubescent and viscid, with stipitate glands. |
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Flowering stems | erect, leafy proximally, 3–6(–15) cm, old leaves persistent at base. |
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Leaves | mostly basal, densely crowded and imbricate, sessile; blade 1(–3)-veined, linear-subulate to lanceolate, 0.4–1(–1.5) cm × 0.8–1.5(–2) mm, margins cartilaginous, often ciliolate especially proximally, apex acute, glabrous to scabrous. |
basal with blade 1-veined, oblanceolate, broadly spatulate, 1–4 cm × 2–8 mm, apex obtuse to acute, glandular-puberulent throughout, rarely subglabrous adaxially; cauline in 3–6 pairs, sessile, reduced distally, blade lanceolate, narrowly elliptic, or oblanceolate, 2–4 cm × 2–8 mm, apex ± acute, glandular-puberulent throughout. |
Inflorescences | solitary flowers. |
usually with solitary terminal flower, sometimes cymose, to 8-flowered, open. |
Pedicels | 2–40 mm. |
erect or angled near tip with flowers slightly nodding, 1–3 times longer than calyx, glandular-puberulent, often densely so. |
Flowers | bisexual or unisexual, all plants having both staminate and pistillate flowers, others having only pistillate flowers, subsessile or borne singly on peduncle; calyx 10-veined, lateral veins absent, tubular to campanulate, (5–)7–10 mm, herbaceous, margins often purple tinged, dentate, sometimes ciliate, ± scarious, glabrous, lobes lanceolate to ovate, 1–2 mm; petals bright pink, rarely white, limb unlobed to shallowly 2-fid, 2.5–3.5 mm, base tapered into claw, auricles and appendages poorly developed; stamens exserted in staminate flowers, not so or aborted in pistillate flowers; styles 3. |
calyx prominently 10-veined, campanulate, not contracted proximally around carpophore, 15–20 × 4–8 mm, papery, margins dentate, veins parallel, usually purple tinged, with pale commissures; lobes ovate, 3–5 mm, glandular-puberulent, midrib triangular, margins purple tinged, broad, membranous, apex obtuse; corolla bright pink, clawed, claw equaling calyx, broad and ligulate but abruptly contracted into limb, limb broadly cuneate, shallowly to deeply 2–4-lobed, 5–15 mm, lobes broad or narrow, appendages absent or to 2 mm, margins erose; stamens slightly longer than corolla claw; stigmas 3(–5), slightly longer than corolla claw. |
Capsules | 3-locular, cylindric, equaling or to 2 times calyx, opening by 6 recurved teeth; carpophore ca. 1 mm. |
equaling calyx, opening by 6 (or 8 or 10) lanceolate teeth; carpophore 1–2.5 mm. |
Seeds | light brown, reniform, 0.8–1(–1.2) mm broad, dull, shallowly rugose. |
brown, broadly reniform, flattened, 2–2.5 mm, rugose, more coarsely so on margins. |
2n | = 24. |
= 96. |
Silene acaulis |
Silene petersonii |
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Phenology | Flowering early summer. | Flowering summer. |
Habitat | Arctic and alpine tundra, gravelly, often wet places, rocky ledges | Calcareous gravel, clay, talus, and rocks on ridges, slopes, and barren ground |
Elevation | 0-4200 m (0-13800 ft) | 2000-3400 m (6600-11200 ft) |
Distribution |
AK; AZ; CO; ID; ME; MT; NH; NM; NV; NY; OR; UT; WA; WY; AB; BC; NL; NS; NT; NU; ON; QC; SK; YT; Greenland; Europe; Asia (Russian Far East)
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NV; UT
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Discussion | Silene acaulis is a variable species, and most workers have recognized infraspecific taxa in North America: subsp. acaulis (subsp. exscapa and subsp. arctica), which is predominantly arctic; and subsp. subacaulescens, which extends down the Rocky Mountains from Alaska to Arizona and New Mexico. In subsp. acaulis, the leaves are flat and short and the flowers are subsessile and smaller in size. Subspecies subacaulescens is typically a larger, less-compact plant with longer, narrower leaves and larger, pedunculate flowers. However, in many populations, these two variants are poorly differentiated, and in others both occur together, connected by intermediates. Silene acaulis is widely distributed in arctic and alpine Europe. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Of conservation concern. This beautiful alpine species is variable with respect to density of pubescence, flower size, and petal structure. As this variation occurs both within and among populations, little useful purpose is served by giving names to it. The Nevada population, which is the basis for the name Silene clokeyi, is interfertile (A. R. Kruckeberg 1961) with populations in Utah (the basis for the name S. petersonii). Accordingly, a single species is recognized here without infraspecific taxa. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 5, p. 173. | FNA vol. 5, p. 198. |
Parent taxa | ||
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Cucubalus acaulis, S. acaulis subsp. arctica, S. acaulis var. exscapa, S. acaulis subsp. subacaulescens, S. exscapa, Xamilensis acaulis | S. clokeyi, S. petersonii var. minor |
Name authority | (Linnaeus) Jacquin: Enum. Stirp. Vindob., 78, 242. (1762) | Maguire: Madroño 6: 24. (1941) |
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