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Silene acaulis

moss campion, silène acaule

taimyr campion, taimyr catchfly

Habit Plants perennial, mat- or cushion-forming, subglabrous; taproot stout; caudex much-branched, becoming woody. Plants perennial, densely cespitose; taproot stout, fleshy; caudex tightly branched.
Stems

1–many, erect, simple, slender, 10–30 cm, glandular-pubescent.

Flowering stems

erect, leafy proximally, 3–6(–15) cm, old leaves persistent at base.

Leaves

mostly basal, densely crowded and imbricate, sessile;

blade 1(–3)-veined, linear-subulate to lanceolate, 0.4–1(–1.5) cm × 0.8–1.5(–2) mm, margins cartilaginous, often ciliolate especially proximally, apex acute, glabrous to scabrous.

connate basally, blade ciliate at base, pubescent on both surfaces;

basal numerous, ± petiolate, blade linear-oblanceolate, 1–5 cm × 1–5 mm, somewhat fleshy, apex ± acute;

cauline in 1–3 pairs, sessile, blade linear to linear-lanceolate, 1–4 cm × 1–3 mm, apex ± acute.

Inflorescences

solitary flowers.

cymose, terminal, (1–)3-flowered, rarely with 1–2 flowers at proximal nodes, bracteate, bracteolate;

bracts and bracteoles leaflike, 2–10 mm.

Pedicels

2–40 mm.

usually shorter than calyx, rarely much longer, densely pubescent with purple-septate glandular hairs but not viscid.

Flowers

bisexual or unisexual, all plants having both staminate and pistillate flowers, others having only pistillate flowers, subsessile or borne singly on peduncle;

calyx 10-veined, lateral veins absent, tubular to campanulate, (5–)7–10 mm, herbaceous, margins often purple tinged, dentate, sometimes ciliate, ± scarious, glabrous, lobes lanceolate to ovate, 1–2 mm;

petals bright pink, rarely white, limb unlobed to shallowly 2-fid, 2.5–3.5 mm, base tapered into claw, auricles and appendages poorly developed;

stamens exserted in staminate flowers, not so or aborted in pistillate flowers;

styles 3.

calyx prominently 10-veined, elliptic to campanulate, not inflated, not or slightly contracted at mouth, 8–9 × 3–5 mm in flower, 10–12 × 5–6 mm in fruit, to 2 times as long as broad, papery, veins green or purple, densely pubescent, with purple-septate hairs, lobes spreading, lanceolate-triangular, ca. 2 mm, margins purple tinged, round, broad, membranous;

corolla white to pink, clawed, ca. 11/4 times longer than calyx, claw equaling calyx, limb not differentiated from claw, obovate, emarginate to 2-lobed, shorter than calyx, appendages 2, ca. 1 mm;

stamens equaling petals;

styles 5, equaling petals.

Capsules

3-locular, cylindric, equaling or to 2 times calyx, opening by 6 recurved teeth;

carpophore ca. 1 mm.

ovoid-ellipsoid, slightly longer than calyx, opening by 5 recurved teeth;

carpophore shorter than 1 mm.

Seeds

light brown, reniform, 0.8–1(–1.2) mm broad, dull, shallowly rugose.

brown, not winged, reniform, angular, less than 1 mm broad, finely papillate.

2n

= 24.

= 24, 48, 72.

Silene acaulis

Silene ostenfeldii

Phenology Flowering early summer. Flowering early summer.
Habitat Arctic and alpine tundra, gravelly, often wet places, rocky ledges Gravelly tundra, rocky ledges, talus, river outwash, grassy areas
Elevation 0-4200 m (0-13800 ft) 0-1800 m (0-5900 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AK; AZ; CO; ID; ME; MT; NH; NM; NV; NY; OR; UT; WA; WY; AB; BC; NL; NS; NT; NU; ON; QC; SK; YT; Greenland; Europe; Asia (Russian Far East)
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AK; BC; NT; NU; YT; e Asia (Russian Far East)
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Silene acaulis is a variable species, and most workers have recognized infraspecific taxa in North America: subsp. acaulis (subsp. exscapa and subsp. arctica), which is predominantly arctic; and subsp. subacaulescens, which extends down the Rocky Mountains from Alaska to Arizona and New Mexico. In subsp. acaulis, the leaves are flat and short and the flowers are subsessile and smaller in size. Subspecies subacaulescens is typically a larger, less-compact plant with longer, narrower leaves and larger, pedunculate flowers. However, in many populations, these two variants are poorly differentiated, and in others both occur together, connected by intermediates.

Silene acaulis is widely distributed in arctic and alpine Europe.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Silene ostenfeldii, an amphi-Beringian species, is very similar to S. involucrata subsp. tenella. However, it lacks the wing on the seeds, and its mature calyx tends to be more elliptic than campanulate. It may be confused also with S. sorensenis, but that species has larger seeds and calyces and is a sturdier plant with a denser, longer, somewhat woolly pubescence.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 5, p. 173. FNA vol. 5, p. 196.
Parent taxa Caryophyllaceae > subfam. Caryophylloideae > Silene Caryophyllaceae > subfam. Caryophylloideae > Silene
Sibling taxa
S. antirrhina, S. aperta, S. armeria, S. bernardina, S. bridgesii, S. campanulata, S. caroliniana, S. chalcedonica, S. conica, S. coniflora, S. conoidea, S. coronaria, S. csereii, S. dichotoma, S. dioica, S. douglasii, S. drummondii, S. flos-cuculi, S. gallica, S. grayi, S. hitchguirei, S. hookeri, S. invisa, S. involucrata, S. kingii, S. laciniata, S. latifolia, S. lemmonii, S. marmorensis, S. menziesii, S. nachlingerae, S. nivea, S. noctiflora, S. nuda, S. occidentalis, S. oregana, S. ostenfeldii, S. ovata, S. parishii, S. parryi, S. pendula, S. petersonii, S. plankii, S. polypetala, S. pseudatocion, S. rectiramea, S. regia, S. repens, S. rotundifolia, S. sargentii, S. scaposa, S. scouleri, S. seelyi, S. serpentinicola, S. sibirica, S. sorensenis, S. spaldingii, S. stellata, S. subciliata, S. suecica, S. suksdorfii, S. thurberi, S. uralensis, S. verecunda, S. virginica, S. viscaria, S. vulgaris, S. williamsii, S. wrightii
S. acaulis, S. antirrhina, S. aperta, S. armeria, S. bernardina, S. bridgesii, S. campanulata, S. caroliniana, S. chalcedonica, S. conica, S. coniflora, S. conoidea, S. coronaria, S. csereii, S. dichotoma, S. dioica, S. douglasii, S. drummondii, S. flos-cuculi, S. gallica, S. grayi, S. hitchguirei, S. hookeri, S. invisa, S. involucrata, S. kingii, S. laciniata, S. latifolia, S. lemmonii, S. marmorensis, S. menziesii, S. nachlingerae, S. nivea, S. noctiflora, S. nuda, S. occidentalis, S. oregana, S. ovata, S. parishii, S. parryi, S. pendula, S. petersonii, S. plankii, S. polypetala, S. pseudatocion, S. rectiramea, S. regia, S. repens, S. rotundifolia, S. sargentii, S. scaposa, S. scouleri, S. seelyi, S. serpentinicola, S. sibirica, S. sorensenis, S. spaldingii, S. stellata, S. subciliata, S. suecica, S. suksdorfii, S. thurberi, S. uralensis, S. verecunda, S. virginica, S. viscaria, S. vulgaris, S. williamsii, S. wrightii
Synonyms Cucubalus acaulis, S. acaulis subsp. arctica, S. acaulis var. exscapa, S. acaulis subsp. subacaulescens, S. exscapa, Xamilensis acaulis Melandrium ostenfeldii, Gastrolychnis ostenfeldii, Gastrolychnis taimyrensis, Gastrolychnis triflora subsp. dawsonii, Lychnis dawsonii, Lychnis ostenfeldii, Lychnis taimyrense, Lychnis triflora subsp. dawsonii, Lychnis triflora var. dawsonii, Melandrium dawsonii
Name authority (Linnaeus) Jacquin: Enum. Stirp. Vindob., 78, 242. (1762) (A. E. Porsild) J. K. Morton: Sida 21: 888. (2004)
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