Silene acaulis |
Silene lemmonii |
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moss campion, silène acaule |
Lemmon's catchfly |
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Habit | Plants perennial, mat- or cushion-forming, subglabrous; taproot stout; caudex much-branched, becoming woody. | Plants perennial; taproot stout; caudex much-branched, woody, producing short, decumbent, leafy sterile shoots and erect flowering shoots. |
Stems | 15–45 cm, pubescent and glandular-viscid distally, sparsely pubescent to ± glabrous proximally. |
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Flowering stems | erect, leafy proximally, 3–6(–15) cm, old leaves persistent at base. |
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Leaves | mostly basal, densely crowded and imbricate, sessile; blade 1(–3)-veined, linear-subulate to lanceolate, 0.4–1(–1.5) cm × 0.8–1.5(–2) mm, margins cartilaginous, often ciliolate especially proximally, apex acute, glabrous to scabrous. |
mostly in dense basal tufts; basal blades oblanceolate to elliptic, 1–3.5 cm × 3–10 mm, narrowed to base, apex acute, scabrous-puberulent to subglabrous; cauline in 2–3 pairs, distal sessile, reduced, blade linear-lanceolate to lanceolate, 1.5–4 cm × 2–6 mm. |
Inflorescences | solitary flowers. |
cymose, (1–)3–5(–7)-flowered, open, bracteate, bracteolate, pubescent and viscid with stipitate glands; cyme open, slender-branched; bracts and bracteoles narrowly lanceolate, 2–15 mm, herbaceous. |
Pedicels | 2–40 mm. |
divaricate, often curved near apex and/or at base, slender, 1/2–2 times longer than calyx. |
Flowers | bisexual or unisexual, all plants having both staminate and pistillate flowers, others having only pistillate flowers, subsessile or borne singly on peduncle; calyx 10-veined, lateral veins absent, tubular to campanulate, (5–)7–10 mm, herbaceous, margins often purple tinged, dentate, sometimes ciliate, ± scarious, glabrous, lobes lanceolate to ovate, 1–2 mm; petals bright pink, rarely white, limb unlobed to shallowly 2-fid, 2.5–3.5 mm, base tapered into claw, auricles and appendages poorly developed; stamens exserted in staminate flowers, not so or aborted in pistillate flowers; styles 3. |
calyx prominently 10-veined, campanulate, 6–10 × 2–4 mm in flower, broadening in fruit and becoming obconic with ± constricted base, ± as broad as long, pubescent and glandular, veins parallel, with pale commissures, lobes triangular, 1–2 mm, margins broad, membranous, apex acute; corolla yellowish white, sometimes tinged with pink, clawed, claw equaling or longer than calyx, limb deeply lobed, lobes 4, linear, 4–8 mm, appendages 2, narrow, ca. 1 mm; stamens exserted, equaling petals; styles 3, filamentous, much longer than petals and stamens, exceeding 2 times calyx. |
Capsules | 3-locular, cylindric, equaling or to 2 times calyx, opening by 6 recurved teeth; carpophore ca. 1 mm. |
obovoid, equaling calyx and often splitting it, opening by 6 recurved teeth; carpophore 2–3 mm. |
Seeds | light brown, reniform, 0.8–1(–1.2) mm broad, dull, shallowly rugose. |
rusty brown, often with gray bloom, broadly reniform, 1–1.8 mm, coarsely papillate. |
2n | = 24. |
= 48. |
Silene acaulis |
Silene lemmonii |
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Phenology | Flowering early summer. | Flowering spring–summer. |
Habitat | Arctic and alpine tundra, gravelly, often wet places, rocky ledges | Woodlands and forests, often in moist situations |
Elevation | 0-4200 m (0-13800 ft) | 200-2800 m (700-9200 ft) |
Distribution |
AK; AZ; CO; ID; ME; MT; NH; NM; NV; NY; OR; UT; WA; WY; AB; BC; NL; NS; NT; NU; ON; QC; SK; YT; Greenland; Europe; Asia (Russian Far East)
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CA; OR
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Discussion | Silene acaulis is a variable species, and most workers have recognized infraspecific taxa in North America: subsp. acaulis (subsp. exscapa and subsp. arctica), which is predominantly arctic; and subsp. subacaulescens, which extends down the Rocky Mountains from Alaska to Arizona and New Mexico. In subsp. acaulis, the leaves are flat and short and the flowers are subsessile and smaller in size. Subspecies subacaulescens is typically a larger, less-compact plant with longer, narrower leaves and larger, pedunculate flowers. However, in many populations, these two variants are poorly differentiated, and in others both occur together, connected by intermediates. Silene acaulis is widely distributed in arctic and alpine Europe. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Silene lemmonii has typical moth-pollinated flowers. It is closely related to S. bridgesii and appears to intergrade with it. However, the small size of S. lemmonii and the presence of a compact growth of short, leafy sterile shoots usually distinguish it from S. bridgesii. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 5, p. 173. | FNA vol. 5, p. 192. |
Parent taxa | ||
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Cucubalus acaulis, S. acaulis subsp. arctica, S. acaulis var. exscapa, S. acaulis subsp. subacaulescens, S. exscapa, Xamilensis acaulis | S. palmeri |
Name authority | (Linnaeus) Jacquin: Enum. Stirp. Vindob., 78, 242. (1762) | S. Watson: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 10: 342. (1875) |
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