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Silene acaulis

moss campion, silène acaule

bare campion, naked catchfly, Tulare campion

Habit Plants perennial, mat- or cushion-forming, subglabrous; taproot stout; caudex much-branched, becoming woody. Plants perennial, cespitose, puberulent throughout; caudex woody, branched, with clusters of leaves.
Stems

several, erect, not much-branched, slender, 15–60 cm, flowering above middle.

Flowering stems

erect, leafy proximally, 3–6(–15) cm, old leaves persistent at base.

Leaves

mostly basal, densely crowded and imbricate, sessile;

blade 1(–3)-veined, linear-subulate to lanceolate, 0.4–1(–1.5) cm × 0.8–1.5(–2) mm, margins cartilaginous, often ciliolate especially proximally, apex acute, glabrous to scabrous.

cauline in 2–4 pairs, gradually reduced distally, blade linear with broadened base, 1–8 cm × 1–2 mm, apex acute;

basal leaves tending to wither by flowering time, blade with midrib present, linear-oblanceolate, 5–12 cm × 1–4 mm, apex acute.

Inflorescences

solitary flowers.

few-flowered, bracteate, narrow, flowers terminal and axillary;

bracts linear, 2–10 mm.

Pedicels

2–40 mm.

ascending, straight, slender, very short in bud but equaling or exceeding flower at anthesis.

Flowers

bisexual or unisexual, all plants having both staminate and pistillate flowers, others having only pistillate flowers, subsessile or borne singly on peduncle;

calyx 10-veined, lateral veins absent, tubular to campanulate, (5–)7–10 mm, herbaceous, margins often purple tinged, dentate, sometimes ciliate, ± scarious, glabrous, lobes lanceolate to ovate, 1–2 mm;

petals bright pink, rarely white, limb unlobed to shallowly 2-fid, 2.5–3.5 mm, base tapered into claw, auricles and appendages poorly developed;

stamens exserted in staminate flowers, not so or aborted in pistillate flowers;

styles 3.

calyx 10-veined, campanulate, lobed to middle or below, 6–10 mm;

lobes 6, recurved, 1–3-veined, lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, margins membranous, ciliate, apex acute;

petals white to pale greenish, lobed, clawed, 12–20 mm including claw, ca. 2 times length of calyx;

lobes 4, small, 1.5–2 mm, claw woolly towards base, appendages absent;

stamens equaling petals;

filaments pubescent at base;

styles 3, shorter than to equaling stamens.

Capsules

3-locular, cylindric, equaling or to 2 times calyx, opening by 6 recurved teeth;

carpophore ca. 1 mm.

ovoid, exceeding calyx, dehiscing with 6 spreading teeth;

carpophore 1–2 mm.

Seeds

light brown, reniform, 0.8–1(–1.2) mm broad, dull, shallowly rugose.

brown, broadly reniform, less than 1.75 mm, margins coarsely tuberculate to papillate, with concentric rings of tubercles on both faces.

2n

= 24.

= 48.

Silene acaulis

Silene aperta

Phenology Flowering early summer. Flowering Jun–Sep.
Habitat Arctic and alpine tundra, gravelly, often wet places, rocky ledges Open, grassy areas in fir and pine forests
Elevation 0-4200 m (0-13800 ft) 1800-3000 m (5900-9800 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AK; AZ; CO; ID; ME; MT; NH; NM; NV; NY; OR; UT; WA; WY; AB; BC; NL; NS; NT; NU; ON; QC; SK; YT; Greenland; Europe; Asia (Russian Far East)
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
CA
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Silene acaulis is a variable species, and most workers have recognized infraspecific taxa in North America: subsp. acaulis (subsp. exscapa and subsp. arctica), which is predominantly arctic; and subsp. subacaulescens, which extends down the Rocky Mountains from Alaska to Arizona and New Mexico. In subsp. acaulis, the leaves are flat and short and the flowers are subsessile and smaller in size. Subspecies subacaulescens is typically a larger, less-compact plant with longer, narrower leaves and larger, pedunculate flowers. However, in many populations, these two variants are poorly differentiated, and in others both occur together, connected by intermediates.

Silene acaulis is widely distributed in arctic and alpine Europe.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

A deeply lobed calyx and grasslike leaves give Silene aperta a very distinct appearance. The species is found only in Tulare County.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 5, p. 173. FNA vol. 5, p. 174.
Parent taxa Caryophyllaceae > subfam. Caryophylloideae > Silene Caryophyllaceae > subfam. Caryophylloideae > Silene
Sibling taxa
S. antirrhina, S. aperta, S. armeria, S. bernardina, S. bridgesii, S. campanulata, S. caroliniana, S. chalcedonica, S. conica, S. coniflora, S. conoidea, S. coronaria, S. csereii, S. dichotoma, S. dioica, S. douglasii, S. drummondii, S. flos-cuculi, S. gallica, S. grayi, S. hitchguirei, S. hookeri, S. invisa, S. involucrata, S. kingii, S. laciniata, S. latifolia, S. lemmonii, S. marmorensis, S. menziesii, S. nachlingerae, S. nivea, S. noctiflora, S. nuda, S. occidentalis, S. oregana, S. ostenfeldii, S. ovata, S. parishii, S. parryi, S. pendula, S. petersonii, S. plankii, S. polypetala, S. pseudatocion, S. rectiramea, S. regia, S. repens, S. rotundifolia, S. sargentii, S. scaposa, S. scouleri, S. seelyi, S. serpentinicola, S. sibirica, S. sorensenis, S. spaldingii, S. stellata, S. subciliata, S. suecica, S. suksdorfii, S. thurberi, S. uralensis, S. verecunda, S. virginica, S. viscaria, S. vulgaris, S. williamsii, S. wrightii
S. acaulis, S. antirrhina, S. armeria, S. bernardina, S. bridgesii, S. campanulata, S. caroliniana, S. chalcedonica, S. conica, S. coniflora, S. conoidea, S. coronaria, S. csereii, S. dichotoma, S. dioica, S. douglasii, S. drummondii, S. flos-cuculi, S. gallica, S. grayi, S. hitchguirei, S. hookeri, S. invisa, S. involucrata, S. kingii, S. laciniata, S. latifolia, S. lemmonii, S. marmorensis, S. menziesii, S. nachlingerae, S. nivea, S. noctiflora, S. nuda, S. occidentalis, S. oregana, S. ostenfeldii, S. ovata, S. parishii, S. parryi, S. pendula, S. petersonii, S. plankii, S. polypetala, S. pseudatocion, S. rectiramea, S. regia, S. repens, S. rotundifolia, S. sargentii, S. scaposa, S. scouleri, S. seelyi, S. serpentinicola, S. sibirica, S. sorensenis, S. spaldingii, S. stellata, S. subciliata, S. suecica, S. suksdorfii, S. thurberi, S. uralensis, S. verecunda, S. virginica, S. viscaria, S. vulgaris, S. williamsii, S. wrightii
Synonyms Cucubalus acaulis, S. acaulis subsp. arctica, S. acaulis var. exscapa, S. acaulis subsp. subacaulescens, S. exscapa, Xamilensis acaulis
Name authority (Linnaeus) Jacquin: Enum. Stirp. Vindob., 78, 242. (1762) Greene: Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit. 1: 75. (1904)
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