Sagittaria latifolia |
Sagittaria graminea |
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bird's-eye pearlwort, broad-leaf arrowhead, common arrowhead, duck-potato, Indian potato, sagittaire latifoliee, wapato |
grass-leaf arrowhead, grassy arrowhead, sagittaire a feuilles de graminees |
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Habit | Herbs, perennial, to 45 cm; rhizomes absent; stolons present; corms present. | Herbs, perennial, to 100 cm; rhizomes coarse; stolons absent; corms absent. | ||||||||
Leaves | emersed; petiole triangular, erect to ascending, 6.5–51 cm; blade sagittate, rarely hastate, 1.5–30.5 × 2–17 cm, basal lobes equal to or less than remainder of blade. |
submersed or emersed; submersed leaves phyllodial, angled abaxially, flattened adaxially, 6.4–35 × 0.5–4 cm; emersed with petiole triangular, 6.5–17 cm, blade linear to linear-oblanceolate, 2.5–17.4 × 0.2–4 cm. |
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Inflorescences | racemes, rarely panicles, of 3–9 whorls, emersed, 4.5–28.5 × 4–23 cm; peduncles 10–59 cm; bracts connate more than or equal to ¼ total length, elliptic to lanceolate, 3–8 mm, delicate, not papillose; fruiting pedicels spreading, cylindric, 0.5–3.5 cm. |
racemes or panicles, of 1–12 whorls, emersed, 2.5–21 × 1–8 cm; peduncles 6.5–29.7 cm; bracts connate more than to equal to ¼ total length, broadly subulate to lanceolate, 20–50 mm, coarse, not papillose; fruiting pedicels spreading, cylindric, 0.5–5 cm. |
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Flowers | to 4 cm diam.; sepals recurved to spreading, not enclosing flower or fruiting head; filaments cylindric, longer than anthers, glabrous; pistillate pedicellate, without ring of sterile stamens. |
to 2.3 cm diam.; sepals recurved to spreading, not enclosing flower; filaments dilated, shorter than anthers, pubescent; pistillate flowers pedicellate, without ring of sterile stamens. |
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Fruiting | heads 1–1.7 cm diam; achenes oblanceoloid, without abaxial keel, 2.5–3.5 × to 2 mm, beaked; faces not tuberculate, wings absent, glands (0–)1(–2); beak lateral, horizontal, 1–2 mm. |
heads 0.6–1.5 cm diam.; achenes oblanceoloid, without abaxial keel, 1.5–2.8 × 1.1–1.5 mm, beaked; faces not tuberculate, abaxial wings 0–1, ± entire, glands 1–2; beak lateral, erect, 0.2 mm. |
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2n | = 22. |
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Sagittaria latifolia |
Sagittaria graminea |
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Phenology | Flowering summer–fall. | |||||||||
Habitat | Wet ditches, pools, and margins of streams and lakes | |||||||||
Elevation | 0–1500 m (0–4900 ft) | |||||||||
Distribution |
AL; AR; CA; CO; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; NC; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NY; OH; OK; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; VA; VT; WI; WV; AB; BC; MB; NB; NS; ON; PE; QC; SK; c Mexico; s Mexico; Central America (Guatemala); South America (Colombia, Ecuador, Venezuela)
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AL; AR; CT; DE; FL; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; NC; NE; NH; NJ; NY; OH; OK; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; NB; NF; NS; ON; PE; QC; West Indies (Cuba)
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Discussion | Sagittaria latifolia has been divided into numerous species and varieties. It was divided into two varieties, based upon the presence of pubescence over the entire vegetative plant (C. Bogin 1955; K. Rataj 1972). We have examined numerous specimens and found that many from the southeastern United States are pubescent; we believe that this character alone is insufficient for recognition of the varieties. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Seven varieties of Sagittaria graminea have been recognized, i.e., var. graminea, var. platyphylla Engelmann, var. teres (S. Watson) Bogin, var. weatherbiana Fernald, var. cristata (Engelmann) Bogin, var. chapmanii J. G. Smith, and var. macrocarpa (J. G. Smith) Bogin (C. Bogin 1955). We accept only one infraspecific rank, i.e., subspecies. Consequently, we have made the appropriate combinations. We accept all of the taxa accepted by Bogin at the varietal level. At specific level we accept Bogin’s var. platyphylla, var. teres, and var. cristata and at subspecific level his var. graminea, var. chapmanii, and var. weatherbiana. Sagittaria graminea var. macrocarpa actually is synonymous with var. graminea (E. O. Beal 1960b). We therefore are following Beal in recognizing var. macrocarpa sensu Bogin as S. fasciculata. We also accept var. platyphylla, var. teres, and var. cristata at the specific level, leaving only three subspecies. These subspecies can be separated by the branching of the inflorescence and the length of pistillate pedicels. Subspecies 3 (3 in the flora). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 22. | FNA vol. 22. | ||||||||
Parent taxa | ||||||||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||||||
Synonyms | S. latifolia var. obtusa, S. latifolia var. pubescens, S. ornithorhyncha, S. planipes, S. pubescens, S. viscosa | |||||||||
Name authority | Willdenow: Sp. Pl. 4(1): 409. (1805) | Michaux: Flora Boreali-Americana 2: 190. (1803) | ||||||||
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