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Louisiana broomrape

hillside broomrape

Habit Plants simple or few-branched, 7–40(–54) cm, usually stout, base enlarged in robust specimens. Plants simple or few-branched, 7–40 cm, stout, base usually enlarged.
Roots

inconspicuous to conspicuous (often forming an amorphous mass), slender, usually branched.

usually inconspicuous, slender, branched or unbranched.

Leaves

several to numerous, appressed;

blade lanceolate to lanceolate-ovate, 5–10 mm, margins entire, apex acute, surfaces sometimes glandular-pubescent.

numerous, erect;

blade broadly triangular proximally, grading to lanceolate distally, 7–10 mm, margins entire, apex obtuse, acute on distal leaves, surfaces glabrous.

Inflorescences

spikelike racemes, purple, lavender, or pallid distally, rarely yellow, sometimes branched, glandular-pubescent;

flowers numerous;

bracts ± reflexed, lanceolate, 8–12 mm, apex acute or attenuate, densely glandular-pubescent.

racemes, sometimes spikelike, pink, lavender, or yellow, sometimes branched, glandular-puberulent;

flowers numerous;

bracts usually reflexed toward tips, narrowly triangular to lanceolate-linear or subulate, 5–10 mm, apex attenuate, glandular-puberulent.

Pedicels

0–15 mm, much shorter than plant axis;

bracteoles 2.

5–25 mm, much shorter than plant axis;

bracteoles 2.

Flowers

calyx purple, lavender, or pallid, weakly bilaterally symmetric, 8–14 mm, deeply divided into 5 lobes, lobes lanceolate-subulate, glandular-pubescent;

corolla 14–20 mm, tube white to pallid or cream, sometimes pinkish or light purplish tinged distally, sometimes with purple veins, constricted above ovary, slightly curved forward, glandular-pubescent;

palatal folds prominent, yellow, pubescent;

lips externally white to pallid or cream, sometimes pinkish or light purplish tinged, internally pink or purple, sometimes white with purple veins, rarely light yellow, abaxial lip spreading, 3–5 mm, lobes oblong-lanceolate, apex obtuse or rounded, adaxial lip erect or slightly reflexed, 4–6 mm, lobes ovate, sometimes deltate, apex rounded or obtuse to bluntly pointed;

filaments glabrous or pilose at base, anthers included or slightly exserted, glabrous or with few woolly hairs along sutures.

calyx pale or pinkish tinged, ± radially symmetric, (6–)9–15(–20) mm, deeply divided into 5 lobes, lobes narrowly subulate, glandular-puberulent;

corolla 17–28(–33) mm, tube white to pale yellow or pale pink, slightly constricted above ovary, straight or slightly bent forward, sparsely glandular-pubescent or glabrate;

palatal folds prominent, yellow, glabrous;

lips white to pale pink, often with darker pink veins, abaxial lip usually widely spreading, 5–9(–10) mm, lobes narrowly oblong-triangular to lanceolate, apex acute, adaxial lip usually widely spreading, 5–9(–10) mm, lobes triangular or triangular-ovate, apex acute;

filaments glabrous, anthers included, glabrous or ± villous along sutures.

Capsules

ovoid, 6–13 mm.

ovoid to cylindric-ovoid, 10–13 mm.

Seeds

0.3–0.5 mm.

0.4–0.5 mm.

2n

= 48.

Orobanche ludoviciana

Orobanche vallicola

Phenology Flowering Apr–Aug. Flowering (Mar–)May–Nov.
Habitat Prairies, sand hills, sand dunes, eroded ground, glades, roadsides. Woodlands, thickets, openings, lowland valleys and foothills.
Elevation 0–2500 m. (0–8200 ft.) 0–400 m. (0–1300 ft.)
Distribution
from FNA
CO; ID; IL; KS; MN; MO; MT; ND; NE; NM; OK; SD; TX; WA; WI; WY; AB; BC; MB; SK
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[BONAP county map]
from FNA
CA
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Orobanche ludoviciana is one of the most widely distributed species of Orobanche in North America. It commonly occurs in wind and water eroded habitats, principally in the Great Plains of North America and contiguous areas.

Throughout most of its range, Orobanche ludoviciana parasitizes Grindelia squarrosa and several species of Artemisia. However, at the southern limits of the range in Texas, it has been reported on Baccharis, Haploësthes, Heterotheca, and Thelesperma (Asteraceae); in Canada, Heterotheca villosa is an important host. The reports on cultivated crops (tomato and tobacco) are the result of misidentifications by P. A. Munz (1930) and should be attributed to O. cooperi and O. riparia.

The binomial Orobanche ludoviciana has often been broadly applied to several taxa in western states, including several taxa treated herein as species.

P. A. Munz (1930) inadvertently used a specimen of Orobanche riparia to describe and illustrate the corollas of O. ludoviciana as having pointed corolla lobes. This led him to include several western taxa that have pointed corolla lobes within O. ludoviciana, including taxa treated here as species: O. cooperi, O. riparia, and O. valida. L. T. Collins et al. (2009) clarified this issue, pointing out that the corolla lobes are in fact rounded.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Orobanche vallicola is rare but occurs occasionally in widely scattered localities in cismontane California from Trinity County south to Los Angeles County.

The most frequently reported host for Orobanche vallicola is Sambucus (Adoxaceae), but O. vallicola has also been reported on Baccharis douglasii and Ericameria nauseosa (Asteraceae), Pyrus (Rosaceae), Quercus agrifolia (Fagaceae), and Symphoricarpos albus (Caprifoliaceae) (L. R. Heckard 1973).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 17, p. 481. FNA vol. 17, p. 487.
Parent taxa Orobanchaceae > Orobanche Orobanchaceae > Orobanche
Sibling taxa
O. arizonica, O. bulbosa, O. californica, O. cooperi, O. corymbosa, O. fasciculata, O. minor, O. multiflora, O. parishii, O. pinorum, O. ramosa, O. riparia, O. robbinsii, O. uniflora, O. valida, O. vallicola
O. arizonica, O. bulbosa, O. californica, O. cooperi, O. corymbosa, O. fasciculata, O. ludoviciana, O. minor, O. multiflora, O. parishii, O. pinorum, O. ramosa, O. riparia, O. robbinsii, O. uniflora, O. valida
Synonyms Aphyllon ludovicianum, Myzorrhiza ludoviciana, O. ludoviciana var. arenosa, O. multiflora var. arenosa O. comosa var. vallicola, Aphyllon vallicola, O. californica var. claremontensis
Name authority Nuttall: Gen. N. Amer. Pl. 2: 58. (1818) (Jepson) Heckard: Madroño 22: 64. (1973)
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