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Louisiana broomrape

Parish's broomrape

Habit Plants simple or few-branched, 7–40(–54) cm, usually stout, base enlarged in robust specimens. Plants simple, rarely branched, 5–22(–35) cm, stout, base not enlarged.
Roots

inconspicuous to conspicuous (often forming an amorphous mass), slender, usually branched.

inconspicuous (often very short and knobby), slender, usually unbranched.

Stems

thickened, fleshy.

Leaves

several to numerous, appressed;

blade lanceolate to lanceolate-ovate, 5–10 mm, margins entire, apex acute, surfaces sometimes glandular-pubescent.

numerous, appressed;

blade broadly ovate, 7–12 mm, margins entire, apex obtuse, surfaces glandular-pubescent.

Inflorescences

spikelike racemes, purple, lavender, or pallid distally, rarely yellow, sometimes branched, glandular-pubescent;

flowers numerous;

bracts ± reflexed, lanceolate, 8–12 mm, apex acute or attenuate, densely glandular-pubescent.

spikelike racemes, pallid creamy or yellow, purplish tinged, simple, sometimes branched, densely glandular-pubescent;

flowers numerous;

bracts erect to spreading, narrowly lanceolate-ovate, 10–12(–19) mm, apex acute, glandular-pubescent.

Pedicels

0–15 mm, much shorter than plant axis;

bracteoles 2.

0–10(–12) mm, much shorter than plant axis;

bracteoles 2.

Flowers

calyx purple, lavender, or pallid, weakly bilaterally symmetric, 8–14 mm, deeply divided into 5 lobes, lobes lanceolate-subulate, glandular-pubescent;

corolla 14–20 mm, tube white to pallid or cream, sometimes pinkish or light purplish tinged distally, sometimes with purple veins, constricted above ovary, slightly curved forward, glandular-pubescent;

palatal folds prominent, yellow, pubescent;

lips externally white to pallid or cream, sometimes pinkish or light purplish tinged, internally pink or purple, sometimes white with purple veins, rarely light yellow, abaxial lip spreading, 3–5 mm, lobes oblong-lanceolate, apex obtuse or rounded, adaxial lip erect or slightly reflexed, 4–6 mm, lobes ovate, sometimes deltate, apex rounded or obtuse to bluntly pointed;

filaments glabrous or pilose at base, anthers included or slightly exserted, glabrous or with few woolly hairs along sutures.

calyx white or pinkish, or purple tinged, often pallid, radially or weakly bilaterally symmetric, 7–18 mm, deeply divided into 5 lobes, lobes subulate to attenuate, densely glandular-pubescent;

corolla 15–25 mm, tube white to pallid, yellow, or buff, slightly constricted above ovary, straight to curved forward, glandular-pubescent;

palatal folds prominent, yellow, glabrous;

lips externally white to pallid, yellow, or buff, sometimes slightly reddish tinged distally, internally maroon or reddish purple, sometimes with maroon or reddish purple stripes, veins, or blotches, abaxial lip erect to spreading or recurved, 4–8 mm, lobes narrowly ovate to oblong, apex rounded, blunt, retuse, or erosulate, adaxial lip erect to ± spreading, 4–8 mm, lobes oblong or oblong-ovate, apex rounded, truncate, retuse, or erosulate;

filaments sparsely pilose at base, sometimes glandular hairs present near connective, anthers included, moderately woolly or glabrous.

Capsules

ovoid, 6–13 mm.

oblong-ovoid, 7–12 mm.

Seeds

0.3–0.5 mm.

0.3–0.5 mm.

2n

= 48.

Orobanche ludoviciana

Orobanche parishii

Phenology Flowering Apr–Aug.
Habitat Prairies, sand hills, sand dunes, eroded ground, glades, roadsides.
Elevation 0–2500 m. (0–8200 ft.)
Distribution
from FNA
CO; ID; IL; KS; MN; MO; MT; ND; NE; NM; OK; SD; TX; WA; WI; WY; AB; BC; MB; SK
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
CA; NV; OR; nw Mexico
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Orobanche ludoviciana is one of the most widely distributed species of Orobanche in North America. It commonly occurs in wind and water eroded habitats, principally in the Great Plains of North America and contiguous areas.

Throughout most of its range, Orobanche ludoviciana parasitizes Grindelia squarrosa and several species of Artemisia. However, at the southern limits of the range in Texas, it has been reported on Baccharis, Haploësthes, Heterotheca, and Thelesperma (Asteraceae); in Canada, Heterotheca villosa is an important host. The reports on cultivated crops (tomato and tobacco) are the result of misidentifications by P. A. Munz (1930) and should be attributed to O. cooperi and O. riparia.

The binomial Orobanche ludoviciana has often been broadly applied to several taxa in western states, including several taxa treated herein as species.

P. A. Munz (1930) inadvertently used a specimen of Orobanche riparia to describe and illustrate the corollas of O. ludoviciana as having pointed corolla lobes. This led him to include several western taxa that have pointed corolla lobes within O. ludoviciana, including taxa treated here as species: O. cooperi, O. riparia, and O. valida. L. T. Collins et al. (2009) clarified this issue, pointing out that the corolla lobes are in fact rounded.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Subspecies 2 (2 in the flora).

Orobanche parishii is distributed mainly in the southern High Sierra Nevada, Tehachapi Mountains, Central Coast, southwestern California, Desert, Inyo, and White mountains, and Channel Islands.

The hosts of Orobanche parishii include several herbs and shrubs of Asteraceae.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Corolla lobes 18–25 mm, lips 6–8 mm; calyces (7–)10–15(–18) mm, lobes subulate-attenuate; anthers moderately woolly on sutures; stigma lobes spreading, not recurved, thin; mainland range of species.
subsp. parishii
1. Corolla lobes 15–20(–24) mm, lips 4–6(–7) mm; calyces 9–11 mm, lobes subulate; anthers glabrous, rarely sparsely woolly; stigma lobes strongly recurved, thick; seaside plants of Channel Islands and mainland San Diego County, California.
subsp. brachyloba
Source FNA vol. 17, p. 481. FNA vol. 17, p. 483.
Parent taxa Orobanchaceae > Orobanche Orobanchaceae > Orobanche
Sibling taxa
O. arizonica, O. bulbosa, O. californica, O. cooperi, O. corymbosa, O. fasciculata, O. minor, O. multiflora, O. parishii, O. pinorum, O. ramosa, O. riparia, O. robbinsii, O. uniflora, O. valida, O. vallicola
O. arizonica, O. bulbosa, O. californica, O. cooperi, O. corymbosa, O. fasciculata, O. ludoviciana, O. minor, O. multiflora, O. pinorum, O. ramosa, O. riparia, O. robbinsii, O. uniflora, O. valida, O. vallicola
Subordinate taxa
O. parishii subsp. brachyloba, O. parishii subsp. parishii
Synonyms Aphyllon ludovicianum, Myzorrhiza ludoviciana, O. ludoviciana var. arenosa, O. multiflora var. arenosa O. californica var. parishii, Aphyllon parishii
Name authority Nuttall: Gen. N. Amer. Pl. 2: 58. (1818) (Jepson) Heckard: Madroño 22: 66. (1973)
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