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Louisiana broomrape

chaparral broomrape

Habit Plants simple or few-branched, 7–40(–54) cm, usually stout, base enlarged in robust specimens. Plants simple, sometimes branched, 8–30 cm, stout, base enlarged.
Roots

inconspicuous to conspicuous (often forming an amorphous mass), slender, usually branched.

relatively conspicuous (forming a globular mass), slender or stout, branched or unbranched.

Leaves

several to numerous, appressed;

blade lanceolate to lanceolate-ovate, 5–10 mm, margins entire, apex acute, surfaces sometimes glandular-pubescent.

numerous, large and imbricate proximally, appressed or slightly spreading;

blade lanceolate, 5–10 mm, margins entire, apex acute, surfaces glabrous.

Inflorescences

spikelike racemes, purple, lavender, or pallid distally, rarely yellow, sometimes branched, glandular-pubescent;

flowers numerous;

bracts ± reflexed, lanceolate, 8–12 mm, apex acute or attenuate, densely glandular-pubescent.

dense, pyramidal, thyrsoid panicles, dark purple-brown, imbricately branched, cinereous- to ferruginous-puberulent, hairs eglandular;

flowers numerous;

bracts strongly reflexed, lanceolate-subulate, 3–5 mm, apex acuminate, puberulent.

Pedicels

0–15 mm, much shorter than plant axis;

bracteoles 2.

0–5 mm, much shorter than plant axis, sometimes adnate to stem for a portion of their length or flattened;

bracteoles 2.

Flowers

calyx purple, lavender, or pallid, weakly bilaterally symmetric, 8–14 mm, deeply divided into 5 lobes, lobes lanceolate-subulate, glandular-pubescent;

corolla 14–20 mm, tube white to pallid or cream, sometimes pinkish or light purplish tinged distally, sometimes with purple veins, constricted above ovary, slightly curved forward, glandular-pubescent;

palatal folds prominent, yellow, pubescent;

lips externally white to pallid or cream, sometimes pinkish or light purplish tinged, internally pink or purple, sometimes white with purple veins, rarely light yellow, abaxial lip spreading, 3–5 mm, lobes oblong-lanceolate, apex obtuse or rounded, adaxial lip erect or slightly reflexed, 4–6 mm, lobes ovate, sometimes deltate, apex rounded or obtuse to bluntly pointed;

filaments glabrous or pilose at base, anthers included or slightly exserted, glabrous or with few woolly hairs along sutures.

calyx dark purple, weakly bilaterally symmetric, 6–11 mm, divided into 5 unequal lobes, cleft to base on adaxial side, otherwise deeply lobed, lobes attenuate, puberulent;

corolla 10–18 mm, tube dark purple, wine colored, or dark gray, sometimes dark pink, slightly constricted above ovary, ± straight, puberulent;

palatal folds not prominent, pale yellow, glabrous;

lips purple to dark purple or wine colored, sometimes dark pink or with darker pink to purple veins, sometimes internally variegated with white, dark gray externally, abaxial lip spreading, 2–4 mm, lobes narrowly oblong or oblong-lanceolate, apex acute, often bluntly pointed, adaxial lip erect, spreading at tip, 2–4 mm, lobes triangular to oblong-triangular, apex acute, sometimes with a minute tooth;

filaments glabrous, anthers included, minutely apiculate at base, glabrous or sparsely pubescent.

Capsules

ovoid, 6–13 mm.

narrowly ovoid, 5–6 mm.

Seeds

0.3–0.5 mm.

0.3–0.5 mm.

2n

= 48.

= 48.

Orobanche ludoviciana

Orobanche bulbosa

Phenology Flowering Apr–Aug. Flowering mid Apr–Jul.
Habitat Prairies, sand hills, sand dunes, eroded ground, glades, roadsides. Chaparral.
Elevation 0–2500 m. (0–8200 ft.) 150–2000 m. (500–6600 ft.)
Distribution
from FNA
CO; ID; IL; KS; MN; MO; MT; ND; NE; NM; OK; SD; TX; WA; WI; WY; AB; BC; MB; SK
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[BONAP county map]
from FNA
CA; Mexico (Baja California)
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[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Orobanche ludoviciana is one of the most widely distributed species of Orobanche in North America. It commonly occurs in wind and water eroded habitats, principally in the Great Plains of North America and contiguous areas.

Throughout most of its range, Orobanche ludoviciana parasitizes Grindelia squarrosa and several species of Artemisia. However, at the southern limits of the range in Texas, it has been reported on Baccharis, Haploësthes, Heterotheca, and Thelesperma (Asteraceae); in Canada, Heterotheca villosa is an important host. The reports on cultivated crops (tomato and tobacco) are the result of misidentifications by P. A. Munz (1930) and should be attributed to O. cooperi and O. riparia.

The binomial Orobanche ludoviciana has often been broadly applied to several taxa in western states, including several taxa treated herein as species.

P. A. Munz (1930) inadvertently used a specimen of Orobanche riparia to describe and illustrate the corollas of O. ludoviciana as having pointed corolla lobes. This led him to include several western taxa that have pointed corolla lobes within O. ludoviciana, including taxa treated here as species: O. cooperi, O. riparia, and O. valida. L. T. Collins et al. (2009) clarified this issue, pointing out that the corolla lobes are in fact rounded.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Orobanche bulbosa is endemic to chaparral in California and northern Baja California, Mexico, distributed throughout the range of its host, Adenostoma fasciculatum (Rosaceae).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 17, p. 481. FNA vol. 17, p. 475.
Parent taxa Orobanchaceae > Orobanche Orobanchaceae > Orobanche
Sibling taxa
O. arizonica, O. bulbosa, O. californica, O. cooperi, O. corymbosa, O. fasciculata, O. minor, O. multiflora, O. parishii, O. pinorum, O. ramosa, O. riparia, O. robbinsii, O. uniflora, O. valida, O. vallicola
O. arizonica, O. californica, O. cooperi, O. corymbosa, O. fasciculata, O. ludoviciana, O. minor, O. multiflora, O. parishii, O. pinorum, O. ramosa, O. riparia, O. robbinsii, O. uniflora, O. valida, O. vallicola
Synonyms Aphyllon ludovicianum, Myzorrhiza ludoviciana, O. ludoviciana var. arenosa, O. multiflora var. arenosa Phelypaea tuberosa, Aphyllon tuberosum, Myzorrhiza tuberosa
Name authority Nuttall: Gen. N. Amer. Pl. 2: 58. (1818) Beck: Biblioth. Bot. 19: 83. (1890)
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