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Bishop's cap, mitrelle à deux feuilles, two-leaf Bishop's-cap, two-leaf mitrewort, twoleaf miterwort

coastal miterwort, oval-leaf mitrewort

Habit Plants not stoloniferous. Plants not stoloniferous or, rarely, stoloniferous.
Flowering stems

10–45(–51) cm.

15–35(–40) cm.

Leaves

petiole 1.8–18 cm, medium and long stipitate-glandular, longer hairs retrorse, white or tan;

blade ovate to broadly ovate, ± as long as or longer than wide, 1.4–8.5 × 1.4–9.6 cm, margins shallowly to prominently 3- or 5-lobed, crenate or dentate, irregularly to regularly ciliate, apex of terminal lobe acute, rarely obtuse, surfaces subglabrous or sparsely short and long stipitate-glandular;

cauline leaves 2, mid cauline or distal, opposite or subopposite, subsessile to short-petiolate, blade (1.1–)1.6–8 × 0.7–6.5 cm.

petiole 1.2–8(–11.3) cm, short stipitate-glandular and densely long stipitate-glandular, longer hairs spreading or retrorse, reddish brown;

blade cordate-ovate to cordate-oblong, longer than wide, 2.7–7 × 1.5–5.4 cm, margins shallowly 5-, 7- or 9-lobed, doubly crenate-dentate or dentate, glabrous or irregularly ciliate, apex of terminal lobe acute to obtuse, surfaces sparsely short stipitate-glandular and long stipitate-glandular to sparsely long stipitate-glandular along primary veins abaxially, long stipitate-glandular adaxially;

cauline leaves absent.

Inflorescences

1–5, remotely or closely 5–22(–27)-flowered, 1 flower per node, not secund, 10–45(–51) cm, sparsely to densely spreading or retrorsely long stipitate-glandular proximally, short stipitate-glandular distally.

1–3(–6), closely 20–60-flowered, 1(–2) flowers per node, not secund, 15–35(–40) cm, subglabrous or short stipitate-glandular and sparsely long stipitate-glandular proximally, short stipitate-glandular and, rarely, long stipitate-glandular distally.

Pedicels

1–3 mm, short stipitate-glandular.

1–2 mm, short stipitate-glandular.

Flowers

hypanthium broadly campanulate, 1–1.6 × 2–3.4 mm;

sepals spreading, greenish white or yellowish green, triangular, 1–1.3 × 0.8–1.1 mm;

petals white, 9–11(–15)-lobed, 2–4 mm, lobes linear, lateral lobes spreading or ascending;

stamens 10, opposite and alternate with sepals;

filaments white, 0.2–0.3 mm;

anthers 0.1–0.3 × 0.1–0.2 mm;

ovary nearly superior;

styles divergent, flattened, 0.1–0.2 mm;

stigmas unlobed.

hypanthium shallowly saucer-shaped, 0.8–1 × 2–3.5 mm;

sepals spreading to recurved, greenish, triangular, 0.7–1 × 0.9–1.9 mm;

petals greenish yellow, 3–9-lobed, 1.5–2 mm, lobes linear, lateral lobes spreading;

stamens 5, opposite sepals;

filaments white, 0.1–0.3 mm;

anthers 0.1–0.2 × 0.2–0.4 mm;

ovary nearly completely inferior;

styles divergent, flattened, 0.2–0.3 mm;

stigmas 2-lobed.

Seeds

dark reddish brown or blackish, 1.2–1.6 mm, nearly smooth.

reddish purple or blackish, 0.8–1.1 mm, pitted.

2n

= 14.

= 14.

Mitella diphylla

Mitella ovalis

Phenology Flowering Apr–Jun. Flowering Mar–Jul.
Habitat Rich woods, hardwoods on ravine slopes Moist woods, stream margins, wet banks
Elevation 300-2000 m (1000-6600 ft) 0-1500 m (0-4900 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AL; AR; CT; DC; DE; GA; IA; IL; IN; KY; MA; MD; MI; MN; MO; MS; NC; NH; NJ; NY; OH; PA; SC; TN; VA; VT; WI; WV; ON; QC
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[BONAP county map]
from FNA
CA; OR; WA; BC
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Discussion

A decoction from whole plants of Mitella diphylla was used by the Iroquois as an emetic, eye medicine, and good-luck charm; seeds were used by the Menominee as sacred items in medicine dances (D. E. Moerman 1998).

Mitella intermedia T. A. Bruhin ex Small & Rydberg is a presumed interspecific hybrid between M. diphylla and M. nuda. It has been reported from New York and Wisconsin.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Mitella ovalis occurs from Vancouver Island and extreme southwest mainland of British Columbia south to Marin County, California.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 8, p. 110. FNA vol. 8, p. 112.
Parent taxa Saxifragaceae > Mitella Saxifragaceae > Mitella
Sibling taxa
M. breweri, M. caulescens, M. diversifolia, M. nuda, M. ovalis, M. pentandra, M. stauropetala, M. trifida
M. breweri, M. caulescens, M. diphylla, M. diversifolia, M. nuda, M. pentandra, M. stauropetala, M. trifida
Synonyms Pectiantia ovalis
Name authority Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 406. 1753 , Greene: Pittonia 1: 32. 1887 ,
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