Mitella diphylla |
Mitella ovalis |
|
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Bishop's cap, mitrelle à deux feuilles, two-leaf Bishop's-cap, two-leaf mitrewort, twoleaf miterwort |
coastal miterwort, oval-leaf mitrewort |
|
Habit | Plants not stoloniferous. | Plants not stoloniferous or, rarely, stoloniferous. |
Flowering stems | 10–45(–51) cm. |
15–35(–40) cm. |
Leaves | petiole 1.8–18 cm, medium and long stipitate-glandular, longer hairs retrorse, white or tan; blade ovate to broadly ovate, ± as long as or longer than wide, 1.4–8.5 × 1.4–9.6 cm, margins shallowly to prominently 3- or 5-lobed, crenate or dentate, irregularly to regularly ciliate, apex of terminal lobe acute, rarely obtuse, surfaces subglabrous or sparsely short and long stipitate-glandular; cauline leaves 2, mid cauline or distal, opposite or subopposite, subsessile to short-petiolate, blade (1.1–)1.6–8 × 0.7–6.5 cm. |
petiole 1.2–8(–11.3) cm, short stipitate-glandular and densely long stipitate-glandular, longer hairs spreading or retrorse, reddish brown; blade cordate-ovate to cordate-oblong, longer than wide, 2.7–7 × 1.5–5.4 cm, margins shallowly 5-, 7- or 9-lobed, doubly crenate-dentate or dentate, glabrous or irregularly ciliate, apex of terminal lobe acute to obtuse, surfaces sparsely short stipitate-glandular and long stipitate-glandular to sparsely long stipitate-glandular along primary veins abaxially, long stipitate-glandular adaxially; cauline leaves absent. |
Inflorescences | 1–5, remotely or closely 5–22(–27)-flowered, 1 flower per node, not secund, 10–45(–51) cm, sparsely to densely spreading or retrorsely long stipitate-glandular proximally, short stipitate-glandular distally. |
1–3(–6), closely 20–60-flowered, 1(–2) flowers per node, not secund, 15–35(–40) cm, subglabrous or short stipitate-glandular and sparsely long stipitate-glandular proximally, short stipitate-glandular and, rarely, long stipitate-glandular distally. |
Pedicels | 1–3 mm, short stipitate-glandular. |
1–2 mm, short stipitate-glandular. |
Flowers | hypanthium broadly campanulate, 1–1.6 × 2–3.4 mm; sepals spreading, greenish white or yellowish green, triangular, 1–1.3 × 0.8–1.1 mm; petals white, 9–11(–15)-lobed, 2–4 mm, lobes linear, lateral lobes spreading or ascending; stamens 10, opposite and alternate with sepals; filaments white, 0.2–0.3 mm; anthers 0.1–0.3 × 0.1–0.2 mm; ovary nearly superior; styles divergent, flattened, 0.1–0.2 mm; stigmas unlobed. |
hypanthium shallowly saucer-shaped, 0.8–1 × 2–3.5 mm; sepals spreading to recurved, greenish, triangular, 0.7–1 × 0.9–1.9 mm; petals greenish yellow, 3–9-lobed, 1.5–2 mm, lobes linear, lateral lobes spreading; stamens 5, opposite sepals; filaments white, 0.1–0.3 mm; anthers 0.1–0.2 × 0.2–0.4 mm; ovary nearly completely inferior; styles divergent, flattened, 0.2–0.3 mm; stigmas 2-lobed. |
Seeds | dark reddish brown or blackish, 1.2–1.6 mm, nearly smooth. |
reddish purple or blackish, 0.8–1.1 mm, pitted. |
2n | = 14. |
= 14. |
Mitella diphylla |
Mitella ovalis |
|
Phenology | Flowering Apr–Jun. | Flowering Mar–Jul. |
Habitat | Rich woods, hardwoods on ravine slopes | Moist woods, stream margins, wet banks |
Elevation | 300-2000 m (1000-6600 ft) | 0-1500 m (0-4900 ft) |
Distribution |
AL; AR; CT; DC; DE; GA; IA; IL; IN; KY; MA; MD; MI; MN; MO; MS; NC; NH; NJ; NY; OH; PA; SC; TN; VA; VT; WI; WV; ON; QC
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CA; OR; WA; BC
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Discussion | A decoction from whole plants of Mitella diphylla was used by the Iroquois as an emetic, eye medicine, and good-luck charm; seeds were used by the Menominee as sacred items in medicine dances (D. E. Moerman 1998). Mitella intermedia T. A. Bruhin ex Small & Rydberg is a presumed interspecific hybrid between M. diphylla and M. nuda. It has been reported from New York and Wisconsin. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Mitella ovalis occurs from Vancouver Island and extreme southwest mainland of British Columbia south to Marin County, California. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 8, p. 110. | FNA vol. 8, p. 112. |
Parent taxa | ||
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Pectiantia ovalis | |
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 406. 1753 , | Greene: Pittonia 1: 32. 1887 , |
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