Helenium autumnale |
Helenium virginicum |
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common sneezeweed, fall sneezeweed, hélénie automnale, large-flower sneezeweed, mountain sneezeweed |
Virginia sneezeweed |
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Habit | Perennials, 50–130 cm. | Perennials, 30–130 cm. |
Stems | 1(–7), branched distally, strongly winged, sparsely to densely hairy proximally, moderately to densely hairy distally. |
1(–2), branched distally, strongly winged, glabrous or sparsely to moderately hairy proximally, glabrous or sparsely hairy distally. |
Leaves | usually moderately to densely hairy, sometimes glabrous; basal blades (withered by flowering) lanceolate, oblanceolate, or obovate, entire or weakly lobed; proximal and mid blades obovate to oblanceolate, usually dentate or entire; distal blades oblanceolate to lanceolate, entire or dentate. |
glabrous or sparsely to densely hairy; basal blades oblanceolate, weakly to strongly lobed; proximal and mid blades oblanceolate to lanceolate, usually entire, sometimes dentate; distal blades usually lanceolate, entire. |
Peduncles | 3–10 cm, moderately to densely hairy. |
2–8 cm, sparsely to moderately hairy. |
Involucres | globoid, 8–20 × 8–23 mm. |
globoid, 8–15 × 10–16 mm. |
Ray florets | 8–21, pistillate, fertile; corollas yellow, 10–23 × 4–10 mm. |
8–13, pistillate, fertile; corollas yellow, 10–15 × 4–10 mm. |
Disc florets | 200–400(–800+); corollas yellow proximally, yellow to yellow-brown distally, 2.4–4 mm, lobes 5. |
200–400+; corollas yellow proximally, yellow to yellow-brown distally, 2.5–3.5 mm, lobes 5. |
Phyllaries | (connate proximally) moderately to densely hairy. |
(connate proximally) sparsely to moderately hairy. |
Heads | 5–70(–100+) per plant, in paniculiform arrays. |
2–25+ per plant, in paniculiform arrays. |
Cypselae | 1–2 mm, sparsely to moderately hairy; pappi of 5–7 entire, aristate scales (0.5–)0.9–1.5(–1.8) mm. |
1.8–2.3 mm, moderately hairy; pappi of 5–6 entire, aristate scales 1.3–2 mm. |
2n | = 32, 34, 36. |
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Helenium autumnale |
Helenium virginicum |
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Phenology | Flowering (Jul–)Aug–Oct(–Nov). | Flowering Jul–Sep. |
Habitat | Roadsides, fields, along streams, ditches, seepage areas, around ponds and lakes | Around ponds, lakes, and bogs, swampy meadows |
Elevation | 20–2600 m (100–8500 ft) | 300–500 m (1000–1600 ft) |
Distribution |
AL; AR; AZ; CA; CO; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; MI; MO; MS; MT; NC; ND; NE; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; SC; TN; TX; UT; VA; WA; WV; WY; AB; BC; MB; NT; ON; QC; SK
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MO; VA |
Discussion | Of conservation concern. M. C. Simurda and J. S. Knox (2000) presented ITS sequence data that placed a population of Helenium virginicum from the Ozark highlands of southern Missouri in a monophyletic group with six populations of H. virginicum from the Shenandoah Valley of Virginia. R. L. Rimer and J. W. Summers (Missouri Department of Conservation, pers. comm.) located 42 H. virginicum populations in six counties in the Ozark highlands of Missouri. G. A. Yatskievych (Missouri Botanical Garden, pers. comm. to editors) has stated, “. . . the existence of this taxon in Missouri is no longer a matter of a single odd population, but probably rather another case of a taxon with two disjunct centers following dissection of a range during the Pleistocene glaciation.” Helenium virginicum is in the Center for Plant Conservation’s National Collection of Endangered Plants. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Source | FNA vol. 21, p. 431. | FNA vol. 21, p. 431. |
Parent taxa | ||
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | H. autumnale var. canaliculatum, H. autumnale var. fylesii, H. autumnale var. grandiflorum, H. autumnale var. montanum, H. autumnale var. parviflorum, H. latifolium, H. parviflorum | |
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 886. (1753) | S. F. Blake: Claytonia 3: 13. (1936) |
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