Helenium autumnale |
Helenium quadridentatum |
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common sneezeweed, fall sneezeweed, hélénie automnale, large-flower sneezeweed, mountain sneezeweed |
longdisk sneezeweed |
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Habit | Perennials, 50–130 cm. | Annuals, 30–100 cm. |
Stems | 1(–7), branched distally, strongly winged, sparsely to densely hairy proximally, moderately to densely hairy distally. |
usually 1, branched distally, moderately to strongly winged, glabrous or sparsely hairy. |
Leaves | usually moderately to densely hairy, sometimes glabrous; basal blades (withered by flowering) lanceolate, oblanceolate, or obovate, entire or weakly lobed; proximal and mid blades obovate to oblanceolate, usually dentate or entire; distal blades oblanceolate to lanceolate, entire or dentate. |
glabrous or sparsely hairy; blades narrowly elliptic to lance-linear, usually entire; proximal blades sometimes pinnately lobed. |
Peduncles | 3–10 cm, moderately to densely hairy. |
3–13 cm, sparsely to moderately hairy. |
Involucres | globoid, 8–20 × 8–23 mm. |
ovoid to conic, 7–11(–14) × 6–11 mm. |
Ray florets | 8–21, pistillate, fertile; corollas yellow, 10–23 × 4–10 mm. |
10–15, pistillate, fertile; corollas yellow, 7–12.4 × 4–8.8 mm. |
Disc florets | 200–400(–800+); corollas yellow proximally, yellow to yellow-brown distally, 2.4–4 mm, lobes 5. |
225–500+; corollas yellow proximally, yellow to brown to reddish brown distally, 1.1–1.8 mm, lobes 4. |
Phyllaries | (connate proximally) moderately to densely hairy. |
(connate proximally) sparsely to densely hairy. |
Heads | 5–70(–100+) per plant, in paniculiform arrays. |
5–15(–50+) per plant, in paniculiform arrays. |
Cypselae | 1–2 mm, sparsely to moderately hairy; pappi of 5–7 entire, aristate scales (0.5–)0.9–1.5(–1.8) mm. |
0.6–1.2 mm, moderately hairy; pappi of usually 6 entire, non-aristate scales 0.1–0.3 mm. |
2n | = 32, 34, 36. |
= 26. |
Helenium autumnale |
Helenium quadridentatum |
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Phenology | Flowering (Jul–)Aug–Oct(–Nov). | Flowering Mar–Jun (year round). |
Habitat | Roadsides, fields, along streams, ditches, seepage areas, around ponds and lakes | Sandy or clay soils, ditches, around ponds and lakes, along streams |
Elevation | 20–2600 m (100–8500 ft) | 0–1800 m (0–5900 ft) |
Distribution |
AL; AR; AZ; CA; CO; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; MI; MO; MS; MT; NC; ND; NE; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; SC; TN; TX; UT; VA; WA; WV; WY; AB; BC; MB; NT; ON; QC; SK
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AL; LA; MS; PA; TX; Mexico; West Indies (Cuba); Central America (Belize, Guatemala) |
Discussion | Helenium quadridentatum is introduced in Pennsylvania. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Source | FNA vol. 21, p. 431. | FNA vol. 21, p. 434. |
Parent taxa | ||
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | H. autumnale var. canaliculatum, H. autumnale var. fylesii, H. autumnale var. grandiflorum, H. autumnale var. montanum, H. autumnale var. parviflorum, H. latifolium, H. parviflorum | |
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 886. (1753) | Labillardière: Actes Soc. Hist. Nat. Paris 1: 22, plate 4. (1792) |
Web links |
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