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Helenium autumnale

common sneezeweed, fall sneezeweed, hélénie automnale, large-flower sneezeweed, mountain sneezeweed

bitter sneezeweed, fiveleaf sneezeweed, narrow-leaf sneezeweed, sneezeweed, yellow sneezeweed, yellowdicks

Habit Perennials, 50–130 cm. Annuals, 10–100 cm.
Stems

1(–7), branched distally, strongly winged, sparsely to densely hairy proximally, moderately to densely hairy distally.

1–3(–15), usually branched distally, not winged, glabrous or sparsely hairy.

Leaves

usually moderately to densely hairy, sometimes glabrous;

basal blades (withered by flowering) lanceolate, oblanceolate, or obovate, entire or weakly lobed;

proximal and mid blades obovate to oblanceolate, usually dentate or entire;

distal blades oblanceolate to lanceolate, entire or dentate.

glabrous or sparsely hairy;

basal blades linear to ovate, entire or pinnately toothed or lobed to pinnatifid;

mid and distal blades linear, entire.

Peduncles

3–10 cm, moderately to densely hairy.

3–11 cm, sparsely hairy.

Involucres

globoid, 8–20 × 8–23 mm.

hemispheric to globose or globoid, 5–9 × 6–10 mm.

Ray florets

8–21, pistillate, fertile;

corollas yellow, 10–23 × 4–10 mm.

8–10, pistillate, fertile;

corollas yellow, 4.5–14 × 2–10 mm.

Disc florets

200–400(–800+);

corollas yellow proximally, yellow to yellow-brown distally, 2.4–4 mm, lobes 5.

75–250+;

corollas yellow proximally, yellow to yellow-brown or purple distally, 1.6–2.7 × 0.8–1.2 mm, lobes 5.

Phyllaries

(connate proximally) moderately to densely hairy.

moderately to densely hairy.

Heads

5–70(–100+) per plant, in paniculiform arrays.

(1–)10–150(–250+) per plant, in paniculiform arrays.

Cypselae

1–2 mm, sparsely to moderately hairy;

pappi of 5–7 entire, aristate scales (0.5–)0.9–1.5(–1.8) mm.

0.7–1.3 mm, moderately to densely hairy;

pappi of 6–8 entire, aristate scales 1–1.8 mm.

2n

= 32, 34, 36.

Helenium autumnale

Helenium amarum

Phenology Flowering (Jul–)Aug–Oct(–Nov).
Habitat Roadsides, fields, along streams, ditches, seepage areas, around ponds and lakes
Elevation 20–2600 m (100–8500 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AL; AR; AZ; CA; CO; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; MI; MO; MS; MT; NC; ND; NE; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; SC; TN; TX; UT; VA; WA; WV; WY; AB; BC; MB; NT; ON; QC; SK
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from FNA
AL; AR; CA; DC; FL; GA; IN; KS; LA; MI; MO; MS; NC; OK; PA; SC; TN; TX; VA; n Mexico
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Varieties 2 (2 in the flora).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Basal and proximal cauline leaves usually withered by flowering; basal blades usually entire or pinnately toothed, sometimes pinnatifid; proximal blades usually entire, sometimes pinnately toothed; disc corollas yellow to yellow-brown distally
var. amarum
1. Basal and proximal cauline leaves often present at, sometimes withered by, flowering; basal blades pinnatifid; proximal blades entire or pinnately toothed or lobed to pinnatifid; disc corollas purple distally
var. badium
Source FNA vol. 21, p. 431. FNA vol. 21, p. 428.
Parent taxa Asteraceae > tribe Heliantheae > subtribe Gaillardiinae > Helenium Asteraceae > tribe Heliantheae > subtribe Gaillardiinae > Helenium
Sibling taxa
H. amarum, H. arizonicum, H. bigelovii, H. bolanderi, H. brevifolium, H. campestre, H. drummondii, H. elegans, H. flexuosum, H. linifolium, H. microcephalum, H. pinnatifidum, H. puberulum, H. quadridentatum, H. thurberi, H. vernale, H. virginicum
H. arizonicum, H. autumnale, H. bigelovii, H. bolanderi, H. brevifolium, H. campestre, H. drummondii, H. elegans, H. flexuosum, H. linifolium, H. microcephalum, H. pinnatifidum, H. puberulum, H. quadridentatum, H. thurberi, H. vernale, H. virginicum
Subordinate taxa
H. amarum var. amarum, H. amarum var. badium
Synonyms H. autumnale var. canaliculatum, H. autumnale var. fylesii, H. autumnale var. grandiflorum, H. autumnale var. montanum, H. autumnale var. parviflorum, H. latifolium, H. parviflorum Gaillardia amara, H. tenuifolium
Name authority Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 886. (1753) (Rafinesque) H. Rock: Rhodora 59: 131. (1957)
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