Helenium autumnale |
Helenium amarum |
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common sneezeweed, fall sneezeweed, hélénie automnale, large-flower sneezeweed, mountain sneezeweed |
bitter sneezeweed, fiveleaf sneezeweed, narrow-leaf sneezeweed, sneezeweed, yellow sneezeweed, yellowdicks |
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Habit | Perennials, 50–130 cm. | Annuals, 10–100 cm. | ||||
Stems | 1(–7), branched distally, strongly winged, sparsely to densely hairy proximally, moderately to densely hairy distally. |
1–3(–15), usually branched distally, not winged, glabrous or sparsely hairy. |
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Leaves | usually moderately to densely hairy, sometimes glabrous; basal blades (withered by flowering) lanceolate, oblanceolate, or obovate, entire or weakly lobed; proximal and mid blades obovate to oblanceolate, usually dentate or entire; distal blades oblanceolate to lanceolate, entire or dentate. |
glabrous or sparsely hairy; basal blades linear to ovate, entire or pinnately toothed or lobed to pinnatifid; mid and distal blades linear, entire. |
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Peduncles | 3–10 cm, moderately to densely hairy. |
3–11 cm, sparsely hairy. |
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Involucres | globoid, 8–20 × 8–23 mm. |
hemispheric to globose or globoid, 5–9 × 6–10 mm. |
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Ray florets | 8–21, pistillate, fertile; corollas yellow, 10–23 × 4–10 mm. |
8–10, pistillate, fertile; corollas yellow, 4.5–14 × 2–10 mm. |
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Disc florets | 200–400(–800+); corollas yellow proximally, yellow to yellow-brown distally, 2.4–4 mm, lobes 5. |
75–250+; corollas yellow proximally, yellow to yellow-brown or purple distally, 1.6–2.7 × 0.8–1.2 mm, lobes 5. |
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Phyllaries | (connate proximally) moderately to densely hairy. |
moderately to densely hairy. |
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Heads | 5–70(–100+) per plant, in paniculiform arrays. |
(1–)10–150(–250+) per plant, in paniculiform arrays. |
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Cypselae | 1–2 mm, sparsely to moderately hairy; pappi of 5–7 entire, aristate scales (0.5–)0.9–1.5(–1.8) mm. |
0.7–1.3 mm, moderately to densely hairy; pappi of 6–8 entire, aristate scales 1–1.8 mm. |
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2n | = 32, 34, 36. |
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Helenium autumnale |
Helenium amarum |
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Phenology | Flowering (Jul–)Aug–Oct(–Nov). | |||||
Habitat | Roadsides, fields, along streams, ditches, seepage areas, around ponds and lakes | |||||
Elevation | 20–2600 m (100–8500 ft) | |||||
Distribution |
AL; AR; AZ; CA; CO; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; MI; MO; MS; MT; NC; ND; NE; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; SC; TN; TX; UT; VA; WA; WV; WY; AB; BC; MB; NT; ON; QC; SK
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AL; AR; CA; DC; FL; GA; IN; KS; LA; MI; MO; MS; NC; OK; PA; SC; TN; TX; VA; n Mexico
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Discussion | Varieties 2 (2 in the flora). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 21, p. 431. | FNA vol. 21, p. 428. | ||||
Parent taxa | ||||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||
Synonyms | H. autumnale var. canaliculatum, H. autumnale var. fylesii, H. autumnale var. grandiflorum, H. autumnale var. montanum, H. autumnale var. parviflorum, H. latifolium, H. parviflorum | Gaillardia amara, H. tenuifolium | ||||
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 886. (1753) | (Rafinesque) H. Rock: Rhodora 59: 131. (1957) | ||||
Web links |
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