Flora of North America species comparison

1(–7), branched distally, strongly winged, sparsely to densely hairy proximally, moderately to densely hairy distally.

usually moderately to densely hairy, sometimes glabrous;

basal blades (withered by flowering) lanceolate, oblanceolate, or obovate, entire or weakly lobed;

proximal and mid blades obovate to oblanceolate, usually dentate or entire;

distal blades oblanceolate to lanceolate, entire or dentate.

usually cauline, sometimes mostly basal or basal and cauline; usually wholly or partly opposite, sometimes mostly whorled or alternate; usually petiolate, sometimes sessile;

margins entire or dentate to pinnatifid or palmatifid (faces often gland-dotted).

3–10 cm, moderately to densely hairy.

globoid, 8–20 × 8–23 mm.

flat to conic or cylindric, paleate or epaleate (sometimes with enations from receptacles among florets, e.g., some Gaillardia spp.; sometimes pitted, pit borders often fimbrillate to lacerate).

8–21, pistillate, fertile;

corollas yellow, 10–23 × 4–10 mm.

(rarely 0) usually in 1(–2+) series, usually pistillate, rarely neuter or styliferous and sterile;

corollas usually yellow to orange, sometimes cyanic to red, dark brown, or purplish, or white (laminae sometimes marcescent, e.g., Baileya, Zinnia).

0 or (in disciform heads) in 1–3+ series;

corollas (usually present) usually yellow to orange, sometimes ochroleucous or cyanic to reddish, purplish, or brown.

200–400(–800+);

corollas yellow proximally, yellow to yellow-brown distally, 2.4–4 mm, lobes 5.

(connate proximally) moderately to densely hairy.

persistent or falling, usually in 3–5+ series, usually distinct (sometimes connate and forming hardened perigynia or winged or tuberculate to spiny burs, e.g., Ambrosia spp.), unequal (usually lanceolate to ovate or broader), and herbaceous to chartaceous with margins and/or apices sometimes notably scarious, sometimes in 1–2 series, distinct or connate, subequal (usually linear to lanceolate), and herbaceous with margins and/or apices sometimes notably scarious.

0 or of 1–15+ bractlets.

5–70(–100+) per plant, in paniculiform arrays.

usually heterogamous (disciform or radiate), sometimes homogamous (usually discoid, sometimes ± radiant; unisexual in some genera), usually in corymbiform, paniculiform, racemiform, or spiciform arrays, sometimes borne singly or in glomerules, rarely aggregated in second-order heads.

1–2 mm, sparsely to moderately hairy;

pappi of 5–7 entire, aristate scales (0.5–)0.9–1.5(–1.8) mm.

usually monomorphic, sometimes dimorphic within heads, usually ± columnar to prismatic, sometimes compressed, obcompressed, or flattened, sometimes ± beaked, bodies smooth, rugose, tuberculate, ribbed, or winged (glabrous or hairy; cypselae enclosed within and shed with a hardened perigynium or bur in some Ambrosiinae; enfolded within and shed with subtending phyllaries or paleae in some Madiinae and genera in other subtribes);

pappi (rarely 0) usually persistent, sometimes readily falling, usually of scales (scales sometimes aristate, sometimes plumose), sometimes of awns or smooth, or barbellulate to barbellate, or plumose bristles, sometimes combinations of scales and/or awns and/or bristles.

(inner) florets usually bisexual and fertile, rarely functionally staminate;

corollas usually yellow to orange, sometimes ochroleucous or cyanic to reddish, purplish, or brown, sometimes ± zygomorphic (± 2-lipped), lobes (3–)5, usually ± deltate to lance-ovate, sometimes lanceolate to lance-linear;

anther bases obtuse or rounded, not tailed (sometimes sagittate), apical appendages usually ovate to lanceolate, rarely 0 (in Ambrosiinae, filaments usually connate, anthers distinct, and plants wind-pollinated);

styles abaxially glabrous or papillate to hirsutulous (distally), branches linear, adaxially stigmatic, usually in 2 lines, sometimes continuously, from bases to appendages, appendages usually deltate to lanceolate (abaxially and adaxially papillate to hispidulous).

= 32, 34, 36.