Geum calthifolium |
Geum vernum |
|
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caltha-leaf avens |
heartleaf avens, spring avens |
|
Habit | Plants subscapose. | Plants leafy-stemmed. |
Stems | 8–40 cm, sparsely hirsute proximally, puberulent throughout. |
20–70 cm, pilose or sparsely pilose, hairs septate. |
Leaves | basal 5–25 cm, blade strongly lyrate-pinnate, sometimes simple, major leaflet 1, minor leaflets 1–7, terminal leaflet much larger than minor laterals; cauline 1.5–4.5 cm, stipules not evident, blade bractlike, not resembling basal, simple. |
basal 4–27 cm, blade simple or pinnate, leaflets 3–11, terminal leaflet larger; cauline 2–7 cm, stipules ± free, 8–25 × 7–12 mm, blade pinnate to 3-foliolate. |
Inflorescences | 1–2(–4)-flowered. |
3–13-flowered. |
Pedicels | downy, hirsute, eglandular. |
glandular-downy, becoming glabrate in fruit. |
Flowers | erect; epicalyx bractlets 2–6 mm; hypanthium green or green with slight maroon tinge; sepals erect-spreading, 6–11 mm; petals spreading, yellow, obcordate-obdeltate to nearly orbiculate, 9–13 mm, longer than sepals, apex broadly and shallowly emarginate. |
erect; epicalyx bractlets absent; hypanthium green; sepals reflexed, 1–3 mm; petals spreading, yellow to cream, oblong to elliptic, sometimes obovate, 1–2 mm, equal to or shorter than sepals, apex rounded. |
Fruiting tori | sessile, glabrous. |
on 3–7 mm stipes, glabrous. |
Fruiting styles | wholly persistent, not geniculate-jointed, 9–14 mm, apex not hooked, pilose in basal 3/4, eglandular. |
geniculate-jointed, proximal segment persistent, 1.5–3 mm, apex hooked, nearly glabrous except for few septate-glandular hairs, distal segment deciduous, 0.7–1 mm, nearly glabrous except for short hairs. |
2n | = 42. |
= 42. |
Geum calthifolium |
Geum vernum |
|
Phenology | Flowering summer. | Flowering spring. |
Habitat | Muskegs, moist meadows, heathlands, moist sites on rocky slopes, ledges, and cliffs | Moist woods, disturbed moist areas, flood plains, openings |
Elevation | 0–1500 m (0–4900 ft) | 0–600 m (0–2000 ft) |
Distribution |
AK; BC; e Asia (Russian Far East) |
AR; DC; DE; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; MA; MD; MI; MO; NC; NE; NJ; NY; OH; OK; PA; TN; VA; WI; WV; ON
|
Discussion | Geum calthifolium hybridizes with G. rossii [= G. ×macranthum (Kearney ex Rydberg) B. Boivin]; see discussion under 4. G. schofieldii. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Geum vernum is distinctive and is recognized by its early flowering, minute petals, lack of epicalyx bractlets, and heads of achenes soon elevated well beyond the recurved hypanthia and sepals. Recently, it has been expanding its range northward and has been collected with increasing frequency in southern Ontario, Massachusetts, Michigan, New York, and Wisconsin. No specimens could be located to confirm reports of G. vernum from Mississippi or Texas. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 9, p. 64. | FNA vol. 9, p. 70. |
Parent taxa | ||
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Stylypus vernus | |
Name authority | Smith: in A. Rees, Cycl. 16: Geum no. 13. (1810) | (Rafinesque) Torrey & A. Gray: Fl. N. Amer. 1: 422. (1840) |
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