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caltha-leaf avens

heartleaf avens, spring avens

Habit Plants subscapose. Plants leafy-stemmed.
Stems

8–40 cm, sparsely hirsute proximally, puberulent throughout.

20–70 cm, pilose or sparsely pilose, hairs septate.

Leaves

basal 5–25 cm, blade strongly lyrate-pinnate, sometimes simple, major leaflet 1, minor leaflets 1–7, terminal leaflet much larger than minor laterals;

cauline 1.5–4.5 cm, stipules not evident, blade bractlike, not resembling basal, simple.

basal 4–27 cm, blade simple or pinnate, leaflets 3–11, terminal leaflet larger;

cauline 2–7 cm, stipules ± free, 8–25 × 7–12 mm, blade pinnate to 3-foliolate.

Inflorescences

1–2(–4)-flowered.

3–13-flowered.

Pedicels

downy, hirsute, eglandular.

glandular-downy, becoming glabrate in fruit.

Flowers

erect;

epicalyx bractlets 2–6 mm;

hypanthium green or green with slight maroon tinge;

sepals erect-spreading, 6–11 mm;

petals spreading, yellow, obcordate-obdeltate to nearly orbiculate, 9–13 mm, longer than sepals, apex broadly and shallowly emarginate.

erect;

epicalyx bractlets absent;

hypanthium green;

sepals reflexed, 1–3 mm;

petals spreading, yellow to cream, oblong to elliptic, sometimes obovate, 1–2 mm, equal to or shorter than sepals, apex rounded.

Fruiting tori

sessile, glabrous.

on 3–7 mm stipes, glabrous.

Fruiting styles

wholly persistent, not geniculate-jointed, 9–14 mm, apex not hooked, pilose in basal 3/4, eglandular.

geniculate-jointed, proximal segment persistent, 1.5–3 mm, apex hooked, nearly glabrous except for few septate-glandular hairs, distal segment deciduous, 0.7–1 mm, nearly glabrous except for short hairs.

2n

= 42.

= 42.

Geum calthifolium

Geum vernum

Phenology Flowering summer. Flowering spring.
Habitat Muskegs, moist meadows, heathlands, moist sites on rocky slopes, ledges, and cliffs Moist woods, disturbed moist areas, flood plains, openings
Elevation 0–1500 m (0–4900 ft) 0–600 m (0–2000 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AK; BC; e Asia (Russian Far East)
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AR; DC; DE; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; MA; MD; MI; MO; NC; NE; NJ; NY; OH; OK; PA; TN; VA; WI; WV; ON
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Geum calthifolium hybridizes with G. rossii [= G. ×macranthum (Kearney ex Rydberg) B. Boivin]; see discussion under 4. G. schofieldii.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Geum vernum is distinctive and is recognized by its early flowering, minute petals, lack of epicalyx bractlets, and heads of achenes soon elevated well beyond the recurved hypanthia and sepals. Recently, it has been expanding its range northward and has been collected with increasing frequency in southern Ontario, Massachusetts, Michigan, New York, and Wisconsin. No specimens could be located to confirm reports of G. vernum from Mississippi or Texas.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 9, p. 64. FNA vol. 9, p. 70.
Parent taxa Rosaceae > subfam. Rosoideae > tribe Colurieae > Geum Rosaceae > subfam. Rosoideae > tribe Colurieae > Geum
Sibling taxa
G. aleppicum, G. canadense, G. geniculatum, G. glaciale, G. laciniatum, G. macrophyllum, G. peckii, G. radiatum, G. rivale, G. rossii, G. schofieldii, G. triflorum, G. urbanum, G. vernum, G. virginianum
G. aleppicum, G. calthifolium, G. canadense, G. geniculatum, G. glaciale, G. laciniatum, G. macrophyllum, G. peckii, G. radiatum, G. rivale, G. rossii, G. schofieldii, G. triflorum, G. urbanum, G. virginianum
Synonyms Stylypus vernus
Name authority Smith: in A. Rees, Cycl. 16: Geum no. 13. (1810) (Rafinesque) Torrey & A. Gray: Fl. N. Amer. 1: 422. (1840)
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