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caltha-leaf avens

bent avens

Habit Plants subscapose. Plants leafy-stemmed.
Stems

8–40 cm, sparsely hirsute proximally, puberulent throughout.

50–84 cm, sparsely hirsute proximally, hirsute distally.

Leaves

basal 5–25 cm, blade strongly lyrate-pinnate, sometimes simple, major leaflet 1, minor leaflets 1–7, terminal leaflet much larger than minor laterals;

cauline 1.5–4.5 cm, stipules not evident, blade bractlike, not resembling basal, simple.

basal 14–30 cm, blade interruptedly lyrate-pinnate, major leaflets 1–5, mixed with 2–5 minor ones, terminal leaflet slightly to much larger than major laterals;

cauline 4–12 cm, stipules ± free, 7–20 × 4–8 mm, blade pinnate, 3-foliolate, or simple and 3-lobed.

Inflorescences

1–2(–4)-flowered.

5–15-flowered.

Pedicels

downy, hirsute, eglandular.

densely pilose, some hairs septate-glandular.

Flowers

erect;

epicalyx bractlets 2–6 mm;

hypanthium green or green with slight maroon tinge;

sepals erect-spreading, 6–11 mm;

petals spreading, yellow, obcordate-obdeltate to nearly orbiculate, 9–13 mm, longer than sepals, apex broadly and shallowly emarginate.

nodding;

epicalyx bractlets 2.5–3 mm;

hypanthium green with purple tinge at base to greenish maroon;

sepals erect to erect-spreading, 5–8 mm;

petals erect, white, pink, or lavender, spatulate-obovate, 5–7 mm, ± equal to sepals, apex rounded, truncate, or shallowly emarginate.

Fruiting tori

sessile, glabrous.

sessile, densely bristly.

Fruiting styles

wholly persistent, not geniculate-jointed, 9–14 mm, apex not hooked, pilose in basal 3/4, eglandular.

geniculate-jointed, proximal segment persistent, 2–4.5 mm, apex hooked, septate-glandular hairs on basal 1/2, distal segment very tardily deciduous, 5–8 mm, pilose except apical 1–2 mm, with some glandular hairs.

2n

= 42.

Geum calthifolium

Geum geniculatum

Phenology Flowering summer. Flowering summer.
Habitat Muskegs, moist meadows, heathlands, moist sites on rocky slopes, ledges, and cliffs Mountain balds, seeps, stream banks, cliffs, wooded boulder fields
Elevation 0–1500 m (0–4900 ft) 1600–1900 m (5200–6200 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AK; BC; e Asia (Russian Far East)
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
NC; TN
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Geum calthifolium hybridizes with G. rossii [= G. ×macranthum (Kearney ex Rydberg) B. Boivin]; see discussion under 4. G. schofieldii.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Of conservation concern.

Geum geniculatum is enigmatic and is currently known from 15 populations in western North Carolina and eastern Tennessee. As a rare plant, it has attracted far less attention than G. radiatum, which is also known from the same region. Although G. geniculatum is not listed federally as endangered or threatened, it is listed as threatened by North Carolina and as endangered by Tennessee.

W. Gajewski (1957) speculated that Geum geniculatum is a hybrid, with one of the parents being G. rivale. K. R. Robertson (1974) pointed out that the nearest locality for G. rivale is in West Virginia and that pollen stainability of G. geniculatum is very high. Geum geniculatum may be of hybrid origin; it cannot be a first-generation hybrid. North American taxonomists have treated it as a valid species.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 9, p. 64. FNA vol. 9, p. 65.
Parent taxa Rosaceae > subfam. Rosoideae > tribe Colurieae > Geum Rosaceae > subfam. Rosoideae > tribe Colurieae > Geum
Sibling taxa
G. aleppicum, G. canadense, G. geniculatum, G. glaciale, G. laciniatum, G. macrophyllum, G. peckii, G. radiatum, G. rivale, G. rossii, G. schofieldii, G. triflorum, G. urbanum, G. vernum, G. virginianum
G. aleppicum, G. calthifolium, G. canadense, G. glaciale, G. laciniatum, G. macrophyllum, G. peckii, G. radiatum, G. rivale, G. rossii, G. schofieldii, G. triflorum, G. urbanum, G. vernum, G. virginianum
Name authority Smith: in A. Rees, Cycl. 16: Geum no. 13. (1810) Michaux: Fl. Bor.-Amer. 1: 300. (1803)
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