Flora of North America species comparison

1, erect, simple, straight, proximally glabrous or sparsely villous, distally densely villous.

1, erect, seldom branched proximally, stout, proximally glabrate to villous and sparsely glandular (sometimes to base), distally glabrate, strongly glandular.

basal and cauline, margins coarsely serrate (proximal) to serrate (distal), strigoso-ciliate, teeth (15–30 per side) mucronulate, apices acuminate, abaxial faces sparsely strigose, long-stipitate-glandular on veins, adaxial sparsely villous, more densely so on veins;

basal withering by flowering, petiolate (55–180 mm), bases sheathing, blades broadly ovate, 55–110 × 48–95 mm, bases cordate (with mostly deep, rectangular sinuses);

cauline petiolate to (distal) subsessile, petioles (4–100 mm) ± winged, ± clasping, blades ovate to broadly lanceolate, 27–135 × 7–112 mm, bases cordate (sinuses narrower) to rounded or cuneate-rounded;

distal (arrays) sessile, ovate to lanceolate, 6–70 × 1–27 mm.

cauline, thick, ample, bases clasping, margins ± revolute, sharply serrate (rarely subentire) with ± mucronate teeth, veins prominent, apices acute to acuminate, mucronate, faces scabrous, adaxial veins villous;

proximal cauline deciduous by flowering, winged-subpetiolate to sessile, blades oblanceolate to ovate or obovate, smaller than mid, bases tapering;

mid usually sessile, sometimes subsessile, obovate or elliptic, (40–)58–140(–180) × (8–)20–50(–80) mm, bases cuneate to mostly rounded-subauriculate;

distal (in arrays) sessile, ovate to oblanceolate, lanceolate, or elliptic, (8–)10–60(–90) × 2–28(–40) mm, strongly reduced distally.

sparsely to moderately villous, sparsely glandular;

bracts 0–1, linear.

sometimes sparsely hairy, stipitate-glandular;

bracts usually 0, sometimes 1–3.

cylindro-campanulate, 5.5–7.5 mm, equal to or shorter than pappi.

campanulate, 9–12 mm, shorter than pappi.

6–12;

corollas white, 10.5–13 × 1.5–2.1 mm.

12–35;

corollas blue or violet, (8–)10–15 × 1.2–2 mm.

12–20(–30);

corollas yellow, 5–6.8 mm, slightly ampliate, tubes (3.2–3.8 mm) longer than campanulate throats (1.1–1.9 mm), lobes erect to slightly spreading, lanceolate, (0.9–)1.1–1.5(–1.9) mm.

48–55;

corollas yellow, 9–10 mm, slightly ampliate, tubes narrowly cylindric, slightly longer than narrowly funnelform throats, lobes erect, lanceolate, 0.7–1.3 mm.

23–32 in 4–5 series, oblong (outer) to lanceolate (inner), strongly unequal, bases indurate, dark green zones in distal 1/4 or less (outer), often confined to narrow strip along midnerves or none (inner), margins narrowly scarious, densely villoso-ciliate, apices ± loose, obtuse to rounded, faces glabrous or sparsely villosulous, sometimes sparsely stipitate-glandular.

34–55 in 4–5 series, midnerves translucent, strongly unequal, membranous, bases indurate, dark green distally, margins densely ciliate, apices spreading or ± squarrose, purple (mucro), acute or acuminate (sometimes mucronate), faces glabrous, densely stipitate-glandular;

outer ovate or lanceolate;

inner oblong-lanceolate, margins hyaline, often purplish distally, scarious.

15–100+ in flat-topped, corymbiform arrays.

5–50 in open corymbiform arrays.

brown, fusiform to cylindro-obconic, compressed, 3.2–3.7 mm, ribs 6–12, faces glabrous or sparsely strigillose;

pappi of (65–70) orangish to burnt orange (fine, barbellulate, sometimes apically clavellate) bristles 5–6.8 mm, ± equaling disc corolla.

tan, fusiform, ± compressed, 3–4 mm, ribs 8–10, appressed-setose;

pappi of cinnamon to pinkish bristles 9–10 mm, about as long as disc corollas.

= 54.

= ca. 108, ca. 122.