Flora of North America species comparison

1, erect, straight, often reddish, simple, glabrous or glabrescent to sparsely villous proximally, villous distally.

ascending to erect, usually simple, rarely branched proximally, glabrous or ± densely hairy, usually eglandular, sometimes stipitate-glandular.

cauline, rugose-veined, margins ± revolute, ± remotely, ± deeply serrate, scabrous, teeth ± indurate (mucronate), apices mucronulate, abaxial faces scabrous, adaxial ± villous, particularly on veins (increasingly so distally);

proximalmost withering by flowering, winged-petiolate, petioles equaling or longer than blades, bases ± sheathing, sometimes marcescent, blades spatulate to oblanceolate, 10–42 × 3–8 mm, sometimes reduced, smaller than mid, bases attenuate to cuneate, apices obtuse to acute;

mid sessile, lanceolate, oblanceolate, or narrowly obovate to narrowly elliptic or elliptic, (23–)30–115 × 5–36 mm, gradually reduced distally, bases tapering or rounded to ± auriculate-clasping (often narrowed above base), apices acute to acuminate;

distal (arrays) sessile, (6–)10–40 × 2–7 mm.

basal and cauline; alternate;

sessile or petiolate;

blades cordate, ovate, obovate, elliptic, or oblong to spatulate, oblanceolate, or lanceolate, usually gradually reduced distally, margins entire or serrate, sometimes spinulose-serrate, faces glabrate to hairy, usually eglandular, sometimes stipitate-glandular.

± densely villous;

bracts 0–2, sometimes subtending heads.

campanulate, 5.5–9 mm, shorter than pappi.

cylindro-campanulate to broadly campanulate, (4–14(–16) ×) 4–25+ mm.

flat to slightly convex, pitted, epaleate.

13–30;

corollas pale blue-violet, 10.5–15 × 1.4–2 mm.

5–60, pistillate, fertile;

corollas white to purple (coiling at maturity).

37–72;

corollas yellow, 4.5–6 mm, slightly ampliate, 4.8–5.8 mm, tube lengths about twice funnelform throats (2.7–3.4 mm), lobes erect, lanceolate, 0.6–1 mm.

8–260, bisexual, fertile;

corollas yellow, becoming purple at maturity, barely to abruptly ampliate, tubes shorter to longer than funnelform to campanulate throats, lobes 5, usually erect to spreading, sometimes ± reflexed, deltate, triangular, or lanceolate;

style-branch appendages lanceolate.

30–50 in 4–5 series, oblong or oblong-lanceolate, seldom ovate (outer), lanceolate to linear-lanceolate (inner), strongly unequal, membranous, bases indurate, rounded (outer), green zones full-width, occasionally purplish (inner), in distal 1/2 (outer; rarely 2/3 and foliaceous) to less than 1/6 and paler or none (inner), margins hyaline (seldom purplish), narrowly scarious, ± erose, densely ciliate, apices usually appressed, often squarrose, usually acute, sometimes obtuse, mucronulate, faces glabrous or sparsely strigillose.

20–140 in 3–7 series, 1-nerved (usually rounded adaxially, sometimes low-keeled), broadly ovate or oblong to oblanceolate, lanceolate, or linear, unequal, bases indurate (rarely wholly foliaceous), margins narrowly scarious (seldom herbaceous), often ciliolate (green zones ± basally truncate), in distal 1/3–3/4 of phyllary (outer) to less than 1/6 and only along midnerves (inner), apices obtuse to acute, faces glabrous, ± strigillose, puberulent, scabrellous, strigoso-villous, or villous, sometimes ± stipitate-glandular.

1–25+ in open corymbiform arrays or borne singly.

radiate, usually in corymbiform arrays, rarely borne singly.

tawny to stramineous, fusiform to cylindro-obconic, slightly compressed, 2.7–3.5 mm, ribs 8–18 (stramineous or reddish brown), ± crowded, faces glabrous;

pappi of pale cinnamon bristles 4.5–5.2 mm, shorter than disc corollas.

cylindro-obconic to fusiform, ± compressed, 7–12(–18)-nerved, faces glabrous or sparsely to densely strigillose, eglandular;

pappi persistent, of 35–70+, reddish, orange, cinnamon, tawny, tan, yellowish, or pinkish, unequal, soft to stiff, barbellate or barbellulate, often apically ± clavate bristles in 2–4 series.

= 9.

= 18.