Castilleja xanthotricha |
Castilleja elmeri |
|
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John Day or yellow-hairy paintbrush, John Day paintbrush, yellow hair paintbrush, yellow-hair Indian paintbrush |
Elmer's Indian paintbrush, Elmer's paintbrush, Wenatchee Indian paintbrush, Wenatchee paintbrush |
|
Habit | Herbs, perennial, 1–2(–3.8) dm; from a woody caudex; with a taproot. | Herbs, perennial, 1.1–4.2 dm; from a many-headed, woody caudex; with a stout taproot. |
Stems | few to several, ± decumbent to erect or ascending, unbranched, sometimes with short, leafy axillary shoots, hairs erect to spreading, long, soft, eglandular, mixed with short stipitate-glandular ones. |
solitary or few to many, erect to ascending, sometimes slightly curved at base, unbranched, rarely branched, hairs moderately dense, spreading, medium length, soft, mixed with shorter eglandular and stipitate-glandular ones, at least on distal 1/2 of stem. |
Leaves | green, linear, lanceolate to broadly lanceolate, oblong, or cuneate, 0.8–5 cm, not fleshy, margins plane to wavy, involute, 0–5-lobed, apex acute, sometimes rounded; lobes spreading, linear, arising below mid length, nearly as broad as center lobe, apex acute. |
green, rarely purple-tinged, linear-lanceolate, sometimes linear or lanceolate, 1.3–6.5 cm, not fleshy, margins plane, flat or involute, entire, apex acute. |
Inflorescences | 3–14 × 1.5–4.5 cm; bracts proximally greenish, rarely dull reddish purple, distally white to cream, rarely pale yellow or dull, pale pink (sharply differentiated from proximal coloration), lanceolate or oblong to narrowly ovate, (3–)5–7-lobed; lobes ascending, linear to obovate, ± broadened distally, medium, long, proximal lobes arising below mid length, central lobe apex broadly rounded to truncate, others acute to rounded. |
2.5–9 × 1.5–3 cm; bracts red, crimson, scarlet, pink, magenta, red-orange, burnt orange, orange, pale yellow, or whitish throughout, or proximally greenish, distally as stated above, oblong, narrowly obovate, elliptic-oblong, or narrowly ovate, 0(–5)-lobed, rarely with 1 or 2 pairs of short, usually distal lobes; lobes ascending, lanceolate, very short, arising from distal edge, apex rounded to obtuse. |
Pedicels | 0 mm. |
|
Corollas | curved, 17–23 mm; tube 15–19 mm; beak exserted, adaxially green, 5–8(–9) mm, puberulent, stipitate-glandular; abaxial lip deep purple (color sometimes visible through calyx), green, pinkish, or pale yellow, ± prominent, slightly inflated, usually hidden in calyx, sometimes right at top of calyx, 2 mm, ca. 50% as long as beak; teeth ascending, whitish, yellowish, pink, or green, 1–1.5 mm. |
straight, 20–33 mm; tubes 13–18 mm; beak, and sometimes abaxial lip, partially to fully exserted; beak adaxially green to yellowish, 8–15 mm; abaxial lip incurved, green, thickened, 2–3 mm, 20–33% as long as beak; teeth ascending or incurved, green, 0.5–1 mm. |
Calyces | colored as bracts, 15–26 mm; abaxial and adaxial clefts 3.5–7 mm, 25–50% of calyx length, deeper than laterals, lateral 2–5 mm, 12–25% of calyx length; lobes linear, oblong, or narrowly triangular, center lobe apex usually rounded, lobes acute to rounded. |
proximally green to pale green, distally colored as bracts, 15–25 mm; abaxial and adaxial clefts 5–14 mm, 33–50% of calyx length, deeper than laterals, lateral 1–4 mm, 6–20% of calyx length; lobes lanceolate to narrowly triangular, apex rounded to obtuse. |
2n | = 48. |
= 48. |
Castilleja xanthotricha |
Castilleja elmeri |
|
Phenology | Flowering Apr–Jul. | Flowering May–Aug. |
Habitat | Arid, rocky, sandy, or clay slopes of basaltic origin, sagebrush steppes. | Moist to dry rocky slopes, meadows, swales, sagebrush steppes, open conifer forests, montane to subalpine, often on serpentine. |
Elevation | 400–800 m. (1300–2600 ft.) | 600–2600 m. (2000–8500 ft.) |
Distribution |
OR
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WA; BC
|
Discussion | Castilleja xanthotricha is endemic to moderate elevations in the sagebrush hills of the John Day River drainage in north-central Oregon. N. H. Holmgren (1971) hypothesized that this tetraploid species is of allopolyploid hybrid origin between C. glandulifera and C. oresbia. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
The bracts and inflorescences of Castilleja elmeri can be red, crimson, scarlet, pink, magenta, red-orange, burnt orange, orange, pale yellow, or whitish. While the coloration is highly variable between local populations, it is usually uniform and consistent within them. It is found primarily in the Wenatchee Mountains of Washington, where it is often on serpentine, but it ranges northward in the Cascades into extreme southern British Columbia, apparently on non-serpentine substrates. Hybrids with C. miniata var. miniata, C. parviflora var. albida, and C. thompsonii have been found in the eastern Cascades of Washington, and a similar hybrid swarm with C. thompsonii is reported from southern British Columbia. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 17, p. 665. | FNA vol. 17, p. 605. |
Parent taxa | ||
Sibling taxa | ||
Name authority | Pennell: Notul. Nat. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 74: 5. (1941) | Fernald: Erythea 6: 51. (1898) — (as Castilleia) |
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