Castilleja tomentosa |
Castilleja gracillima |
|
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hairy Indian paintbrush, tomentose paintbrush |
slender Indian paintbrush, slender paintbrush |
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Habit | Herbs or subshrubs, perennial, 1.3–5 dm; from a woody caudex; with a taproot. | Herbs, perennial, 2–5.5 dm; from a remote woody caudex; with a taproot. |
Stems | few to many, ascending to erect, unbranched or branched, with short, leafy axillary shoots, moderately lanate, hairs prostrate to spreading, whitish, unbranched, short, fairly soft, eglandular. |
solitary, sometimes few, proximally creeping, becoming rhizomatous, erect to ascending distally, unbranched, sometimes branched, often glabrate proximally, hairy distally, hairs spreading, medium length and long, soft, mixed with much shorter stipitate-glandular ones near inflorescence. |
Leaves | green, linear to narrowly lanceolate, (0.8–)3–5 cm, not fleshy, margins plane, strongly involute, 0–3(–5)-lobed, apex acute to rounded; lobes spreading, linear, short, apex acute. |
green to purplish, linear-lanceolate to broadly lanceolate or narrowly oblong, 1.2–7.1 cm, not fleshy, margins plane, sometimes ± wavy, slightly involute, 0-lobed, apex acute to acuminate. |
Inflorescences | 5–20 × 0.5–2.5 cm; bracts proximally dull brownish to deep greenish purple, distally red, red-orange, or orange, lanceolate or oblong to obovate, deeply 3(–5)-lobed; lobes ascending, linear to lanceolate, long, arising below mid length, central lobe apex rounded to obtuse, others acute. |
4.5–18 × 1.5–6 cm; bracts white, cream, pale yellow, pink, salmon, orange, or dull red throughout, or proximally greenish, distally as above, broadly lanceolate to oblong, 0–3(–5)-lobed; lobes ascending to erect, lanceolate to triangular, often short, arising above mid length, apex obtuse or rounded, sometimes acute or acuminate. |
Corollas | straight or slightly curved, 12–20 mm; tube 13–15 mm; beak exserted or ± equal to calyx, adaxially pale green, 8–11.5 mm; abaxial lip green or red-violet, inconspicuous, slightly pouched, 1.5–2 mm, ca. 10–20% as long as beak; teeth incurved, pink to pale yellow or deep green, 1 mm. |
± straight, 19–30 mm; tube 11–19 mm; beak exserted from calyx, adaxially green, 7.5–11 mm; abaxial lip deep green, reduced, 1–2 mm, 20% as long as beak; teeth incurved to erect, green, 0.5–1 mm. |
Calyces | colored as bracts, (10–)13–19 mm; abaxial and adaxial clefts 4–8(–11) mm, 33–50% of calyx length, deeper than laterals, lateral 5–7 mm, ca. 25% of calyx length; lobes linear to lanceolate, apex acute. |
colored as bracts, pigmentation often confined to lobes, 15–22 mm; abaxial and adaxial clefts 7–14 mm, 40–50% of calyx length, deeper than laterals, lateral 2–6.5 mm, 10–20% of calyx length; lobes narrowly triangular to narrowly lanceolate, apex acute (to sometimes acuminate in Logan Valley). |
2n | = 48. |
|
Castilleja tomentosa |
Castilleja gracillima |
|
Phenology | Flowering Jun–Oct. | Flowering May–Aug. |
Habitat | Dry Chihuahuan grasslands. | Mesic or wet, usually flat meadows, sometimes near hot springs, along stream banks, montane. |
Elevation | 1300–1700 m. (4300–5600 ft.) | 1600–2500 m. (5200–8200 ft.) |
Distribution |
NM; Mexico (Sonora) |
ID; MT; OR; WY
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Discussion | In the United States, Castilleja tomentosa is known from a number of recently discovered populations in and near the southern Animas Valley, Hidalgo County, where it is found in Bouteloua gracilis and Sporobolus airoides grasslands. All known populations are small, and this species should be considered globally endangered. The only recorded Mexican station was the type locality from 1851 near Mabibi in adjacent northern Sonora. A. Eastwood (1909) believed C. tomentosa was a synonym of C. integra, but that species has mostly entire bracts, while the bracts of C. tomentosa are deeply lobed; the two also have different patterns of coloration and pubescence. T. I. Chuang annotated the holotype sheet of C. tomentosa as C. lanata, but C. tomentosa calyces have fairly deep lateral lobes, unlike the emarginate to very shallowly notched lobes of C. lanata. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Castilleja gracillima populations are centered around the Greater Yellowstone region, but its range extends sporadically west to central Oregon. It is sometimes confused with C. miniata, but differs from that species in its floral dimensions, mostly single-stemmed growth form, primarily white, yellow, or pinkish orange bract coloration, puberulent stems, and weakly rhizomatous habit. Where the two grow in the same general region, there is no clear evidence of hybridization; however, C. cusickii and C. gracillima form an extensive, sporadically intergrading population in the Logan Valley, Grant County, Oregon. Plants attributed to this species from the Rocky Mountain trench near the head of the Columbia River in southeastern British Columbia or adjacent Alberta are a combination of several other species, especially Castilleja lutescens and C. miniata. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 17, p. 661. | FNA vol. 17, p. 611. |
Parent taxa | ||
Sibling taxa | ||
Name authority | A. Gray: in W. H. Emory, Rep. U.S. Mex. Bound. 2(1): 118. (1859) | Rydberg: Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 34: 39. (1907) |
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