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hairy Indian paintbrush, tomentose paintbrush

fraternal Indian paintbrush, fraternal paintbrush

Habit Herbs or subshrubs, perennial, 1.3–5 dm; from a woody caudex; with a taproot. Herbs, perennial, 0.8–2.5 dm; from a woody caudex; with a taproot.
Stems

few to many, ascending to erect, unbranched or branched, with short, leafy axillary shoots, moderately lanate, hairs prostrate to spreading, whitish, unbranched, short, fairly soft, eglandular.

few to many, ± curved at base, ascending or erect distally, unbranched, hairs moderately dense, spreading, medium length and long, soft, mixed with shorter stipitate-glandular ones.

Leaves

green, linear to narrowly lanceolate, (0.8–)3–5 cm, not fleshy, margins plane, strongly involute, 0–3(–5)-lobed, apex acute to rounded;

lobes spreading, linear, short, apex acute.

green, sometimes purple-tinged, lanceolate, broadly lanceolate, or narrowly ovate, 1–4.3 cm, not fleshy, margins plane, sometimes ± wavy, ± involute, 0–3-lobed, apex acute to acuminate;

lobes ascending, often narrowly oblanceolate, apex acute to acuminate.

Inflorescences

5–20 × 0.5–2.5 cm;

bracts proximally dull brownish to deep greenish purple, distally red, red-orange, or orange, lanceolate or oblong to obovate, deeply 3(–5)-lobed;

lobes ascending, linear to lanceolate, long, arising below mid length, central lobe apex rounded to obtuse, others acute.

3–8.5 × 1–4 cm;

bracts greenish or bright to sometimes dull red, sometimes scarlet, orange, or pale pink throughout, or proximally greenish, distally as above, ovate to elliptic, (0–)3-lobed;

lobes ascending, lanceolate to narrowly triangular, short, arising above mid length, apex acute to obtuse or acuminate.

Corollas

straight or slightly curved, 12–20 mm;

tube 13–15 mm;

beak exserted or ± equal to calyx, adaxially pale green, 8–11.5 mm;

abaxial lip green or red-violet, inconspicuous, slightly pouched, 1.5–2 mm, ca. 10–20% as long as beak;

teeth incurved, pink to pale yellow or deep green, 1 mm.

straight or slightly curved, 20–40 mm;

tube 27 mm;

abaxial lip often visible in abaxial cleft, sometimes exserted, beak usually exserted from calyx;

beak adaxially green to yellow, 8–14 mm;

abaxial lip red, black, green, white, or green and white, ± prominent, slightly rounded, 1.5–5 mm, ca. 33% as long as beak;

teeth ascending, green, bright red, pink, white, or yellow, 0.5–3 mm.

Calyces

colored as bracts, (10–)13–19 mm;

abaxial and adaxial clefts 4–8(–11) mm, 33–50% of calyx length, deeper than laterals, lateral 5–7 mm, ca. 25% of calyx length;

lobes linear to lanceolate, apex acute.

brightly, conspicuously colored for at least distal 2/3, often throughout, providing much of inflorescence coloration, proximally pale whitish to pale pink, distally colored as in distal portion of bracts, sometimes colored throughout as in distal portion of bracts, 15–30 mm;

abaxial and adaxial clefts 7–14 mm, 33–50% of calyx length, deeper than laterals, lateral 1–5 mm, 5–15% of calyx length;

lobes narrowly to broadly triangular, apex rounded to acute.

Castilleja tomentosa

Castilleja fraterna

Phenology Flowering Jun–Oct. Flowering Jul–Aug(–Sep).
Habitat Dry Chihuahuan grasslands. Moist or dry rocky slopes and flats, ridges, talus, dwarf willow mats, subalpine to alpine, rarely along stream channels at lower elevations, over sedimentary rocks, often limy.
Elevation 1300–1700 m. (4300–5600 ft.) 2000–2900 m. (6600–9500 ft.)
Distribution
from FNA
NM; Mexico (Sonora)
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
OR
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

In the United States, Castilleja tomentosa is known from a number of recently discovered populations in and near the southern Animas Valley, Hidalgo County, where it is found in Bouteloua gracilis and Sporobolus airoides grasslands. All known populations are small, and this species should be considered globally endangered. The only recorded Mexican station was the type locality from 1851 near Mabibi in adjacent northern Sonora. A. Eastwood (1909) believed C. tomentosa was a synonym of C. integra, but that species has mostly entire bracts, while the bracts of C. tomentosa are deeply lobed; the two also have different patterns of coloration and pubescence. T. I. Chuang annotated the holotype sheet of C. tomentosa as C. lanata, but C. tomentosa calyces have fairly deep lateral lobes, unlike the emarginate to very shallowly notched lobes of C. lanata.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Castilleja fraterna is endemic to one ridge system in the Wallowa Mountains of northeastern Oregon. A parallel ridge system in the range has a second Wallowa Mountains endemic, C. rubida. Castilleja fraterna is colored similarly to C. miniata, but the petaloid teeth of the abaxial corolla lip are more like C. chrysantha. It is possible that C. fraterna was derived through hybridization, though its chromosome number is unknown. It resembles the newly described C. kerryana in Montana.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 17, p. 661. FNA vol. 17, p. 609.
Parent taxa Orobanchaceae > Castilleja Orobanchaceae > Castilleja
Sibling taxa
C. affinis, C. ambigua, C. angustifolia, C. applegatei, C. aquariensis, C. arachnoidea, C. attenuata, C. brevilobata, C. brevistyla, C. campestris, C. cervina, C. chambersii, C. chlorotica, C. christii, C. chromosa, C. chrymactis, C. chrysantha, C. cinerea, C. citrina, C. coccinea, C. collegiorum, C. covilleana, C. crista-galli, C. cryptantha, C. cusickii, C. densiflora, C. dissitiflora, C. disticha, C. elata, C. elegans, C. elmeri, C. exserta, C. flava, C. foliolosa, C. fraterna, C. genevieveana, C. glandulifera, C. gleasoni, C. gracillima, C. grisea, C. haydenii, C. hispida, C. hololeuca, C. hyperborea, C. indivisa, C. integra, C. kaibabensis, C. kerryana, C. kraliana, C. lacera, C. lanata, C. lasiorhyncha, C. lassenensis, C. latifolia, C. lemmonii, C. leschkeana, C. levisecta, C. linariifolia, C. lindheimeri, C. lineariloba, C. lineata, C. litoralis, C. lutescens, C. martini, C. mendocinensis, C. mexicana, C. miniata, C. minor, C. mogollonica, C. mollis, C. montigena, C. nana, C. nelsonii, C. nervata, C. nivea, C. occidentalis, C. oresbia, C. organorum, C. ornata, C. pallescens, C. pallida, C. parviflora, C. parvula, C. patriotica, C. peckiana, C. peirsonii, C. pilosa, C. plagiotoma, C. praeterita, C. pruinosa, C. puberula, C. pulchella, C. purpurascens, C. purpurea, C. raupii, C. revealii, C. rhexiifolia, C. rigida, C. rubicundula, C. rubida, C. rupicola, C. salsuginosa, C. scabrida, C. schizotricha, C. septentrionalis, C. sessiliflora, C. subinclusa, C. suksdorfii, C. tenuiflora, C. tenuis, C. thompsonii, C. uliginosa, C. unalaschcensis, C. victoriae, C. viscidula, C. wightii, C. wootonii, C. xanthotricha
C. affinis, C. ambigua, C. angustifolia, C. applegatei, C. aquariensis, C. arachnoidea, C. attenuata, C. brevilobata, C. brevistyla, C. campestris, C. cervina, C. chambersii, C. chlorotica, C. christii, C. chromosa, C. chrymactis, C. chrysantha, C. cinerea, C. citrina, C. coccinea, C. collegiorum, C. covilleana, C. crista-galli, C. cryptantha, C. cusickii, C. densiflora, C. dissitiflora, C. disticha, C. elata, C. elegans, C. elmeri, C. exserta, C. flava, C. foliolosa, C. genevieveana, C. glandulifera, C. gleasoni, C. gracillima, C. grisea, C. haydenii, C. hispida, C. hololeuca, C. hyperborea, C. indivisa, C. integra, C. kaibabensis, C. kerryana, C. kraliana, C. lacera, C. lanata, C. lasiorhyncha, C. lassenensis, C. latifolia, C. lemmonii, C. leschkeana, C. levisecta, C. linariifolia, C. lindheimeri, C. lineariloba, C. lineata, C. litoralis, C. lutescens, C. martini, C. mendocinensis, C. mexicana, C. miniata, C. minor, C. mogollonica, C. mollis, C. montigena, C. nana, C. nelsonii, C. nervata, C. nivea, C. occidentalis, C. oresbia, C. organorum, C. ornata, C. pallescens, C. pallida, C. parviflora, C. parvula, C. patriotica, C. peckiana, C. peirsonii, C. pilosa, C. plagiotoma, C. praeterita, C. pruinosa, C. puberula, C. pulchella, C. purpurascens, C. purpurea, C. raupii, C. revealii, C. rhexiifolia, C. rigida, C. rubicundula, C. rubida, C. rupicola, C. salsuginosa, C. scabrida, C. schizotricha, C. septentrionalis, C. sessiliflora, C. subinclusa, C. suksdorfii, C. tenuiflora, C. tenuis, C. thompsonii, C. tomentosa, C. uliginosa, C. unalaschcensis, C. victoriae, C. viscidula, C. wightii, C. wootonii, C. xanthotricha
Name authority A. Gray: in W. H. Emory, Rep. U.S. Mex. Bound. 2(1): 118. (1859) Greenman: Bot. Gaz. 48: 147. (1909)
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