Cardamine rotundifolia |
Cardamine constancei |
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American bittercress, mountain watercress |
Constance's bittercress |
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Habit | Perennials; glabrous throughout. | Perennials; glabrous or sparsely hirsute. |
Rhizomes | slender, to 2 mm diam. |
cylindrical, slender, to 2 mm diam. |
Stems | usually procumbent, sometimes erect, (not flexuous), unbranched or branched, (1–)1.5–3(–5) dm. |
erect, unbranched, 1.5–5 dm, glabrous or sparsely hirsute basally. |
Basal leaves | (soon withered), not rosulate. |
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Rhizomal leaves | absent. |
absent. |
Cauline leaves | simple, petiolate; petiole (0.3–)0.5–2.5(–4) cm, base not auriculate; blade oblong, ovate, suborbicular, or cordate, (0.5–)1–4.5(–5.5) cm × (5–)10–40(–54) mm, base cordate, rounded, or truncate, margins entire, repand, or sinuate, (distally with shorter petiole, blade smaller). |
4–7, simple, (crowded distally), petiolate; petiole (0.5–)1–4(–5) cm, base not auriculate; blade usually broadly ovate or ovate-lanceolate to ovate-elliptic, rarely obovate, 5–13 cm × 20–65 mm, base cuneate, margins coarsely serrate (with apiculae), or repand to undulate (margins minutely pubescent, apex acute). |
Racemes | ebracteate. |
ebracteate. |
Flowers | sepals oblong, 2–3 × 1–1.7 mm, lateral pair not saccate basally; petals white, broadly oblanceolate, spreading, 5–7(–8) × 2–3 mm, (not clawed, apex rounded); filaments: median pairs 3.5–4.5 mm, lateral pair 2.7–3.5 mm; anthers oblong, 0.8–1.2 mm. |
sepals oblong, 6–8 × 2–2.5 mm, lateral pair slightly saccate basally; petals pink, oblanceolate, 15–28 × 5–8 mm, (claw to 10 mm, apex rounded); filaments: median pairs 8–10 mm, lateral pair 4–6 mm; anthers linear, 2–3 mm. |
Fruiting pedicels | divaricate to ascending, (6–)10–15(–20) mm. |
divaricate-ascending to suberect, 10–22 mm. |
Fruits | linear, (torulose), 1–1.5(–2) cm × 0.8–1.1 mm; ovules 40–80 per ovary; style 1.5–2.5 mm. |
linear, 2.5–3.5(–5) cm × 1.9–2.1 mm; ovules 12–16 per ovary; style 2–3.5 mm. |
Seeds | brown, oblong to ovoid, 0.9–1.1 × 0.5–0.6 mm. |
brown, oblong, 2–2.5 × 1.2–1.5 mm. |
Cardamine rotundifolia |
Cardamine constancei |
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Phenology | Flowering Apr–Jun. | Flowering May–Jun. |
Habitat | Stream banks, swamps, low woodland, wet rocky areas, seepage areas | Moist cliffs, wooded creek bottoms, shaded draws, hillsides, moist woods, mixed coniferous forests, granitic soils |
Elevation | 150-400 m (500-1300 ft) | 400-600 m (1300-2000 ft) |
Distribution |
DE; GA; KY; MD; NC; NJ; NY; OH; PA; TN; VA; WV
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ID
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Discussion | Cardamine constancei is known from Clearwater, Idaho, Kootenai, Nez Perce, and Shoshone counties. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Source | FNA vol. 7, p. 483. | FNA vol. 7, p. 471. |
Parent taxa | ||
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Dentaria rotundifolia | |
Name authority | Michaux: Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2: 30. (1803) | Detling: Madroño 3: 176, plate 9. (1935) |
Web links |