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American bittercress, mountain watercress

Constance's bittercress

Habit Perennials; glabrous throughout. Perennials; glabrous or sparsely hirsute.
Rhizomes

slender, to 2 mm diam.

cylindrical, slender, to 2 mm diam.

Stems

usually procumbent, sometimes erect, (not flexuous), unbranched or branched, (1–)1.5–3(–5) dm.

erect, unbranched, 1.5–5 dm, glabrous or sparsely hirsute basally.

Basal leaves

(soon withered), not rosulate.

Rhizomal leaves

absent.

absent.

Cauline leaves

simple, petiolate;

petiole (0.3–)0.5–2.5(–4) cm, base not auriculate;

blade oblong, ovate, suborbicular, or cordate, (0.5–)1–4.5(–5.5) cm × (5–)10–40(–54) mm, base cordate, rounded, or truncate, margins entire, repand, or sinuate, (distally with shorter petiole, blade smaller).

4–7, simple, (crowded distally), petiolate;

petiole (0.5–)1–4(–5) cm, base not auriculate;

blade usually broadly ovate or ovate-lanceolate to ovate-elliptic, rarely obovate, 5–13 cm × 20–65 mm, base cuneate, margins coarsely serrate (with apiculae), or repand to undulate (margins minutely pubescent, apex acute).

Racemes

ebracteate.

ebracteate.

Flowers

sepals oblong, 2–3 × 1–1.7 mm, lateral pair not saccate basally;

petals white, broadly oblanceolate, spreading, 5–7(–8) × 2–3 mm, (not clawed, apex rounded);

filaments: median pairs 3.5–4.5 mm, lateral pair 2.7–3.5 mm;

anthers oblong, 0.8–1.2 mm.

sepals oblong, 6–8 × 2–2.5 mm, lateral pair slightly saccate basally;

petals pink, oblanceolate, 15–28 × 5–8 mm, (claw to 10 mm, apex rounded);

filaments: median pairs 8–10 mm, lateral pair 4–6 mm;

anthers linear, 2–3 mm.

Fruiting pedicels

divaricate to ascending, (6–)10–15(–20) mm.

divaricate-ascending to suberect, 10–22 mm.

Fruits

linear, (torulose), 1–1.5(–2) cm × 0.8–1.1 mm;

ovules 40–80 per ovary;

style 1.5–2.5 mm.

linear, 2.5–3.5(–5) cm × 1.9–2.1 mm;

ovules 12–16 per ovary;

style 2–3.5 mm.

Seeds

brown, oblong to ovoid, 0.9–1.1 × 0.5–0.6 mm.

brown, oblong, 2–2.5 × 1.2–1.5 mm.

Cardamine rotundifolia

Cardamine constancei

Phenology Flowering Apr–Jun. Flowering May–Jun.
Habitat Stream banks, swamps, low woodland, wet rocky areas, seepage areas Moist cliffs, wooded creek bottoms, shaded draws, hillsides, moist woods, mixed coniferous forests, granitic soils
Elevation 150-400 m (500-1300 ft) 400-600 m (1300-2000 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
DE; GA; KY; MD; NC; NJ; NY; OH; PA; TN; VA; WV
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
ID
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[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Cardamine constancei is known from Clearwater, Idaho, Kootenai, Nez Perce, and Shoshone counties.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 7, p. 483. FNA vol. 7, p. 471.
Parent taxa Brassicaceae > tribe Cardamineae > Cardamine Brassicaceae > tribe Cardamineae > Cardamine
Sibling taxa
C. angulata, C. angustata, C. bellidifolia, C. blaisdellii, C. breweri, C. bulbosa, C. californica, C. clematitis, C. concatenata, C. constancei, C. cordifolia, C. digitata, C. diphylla, C. dissecta, C. douglassii, C. flagellifera, C. flexuosa, C. hirsuta, C. holmgrenii, C. impatiens, C. longii, C. macrocarpa, C. maxima, C. micranthera, C. microphylla, C. nuttallii, C. nymanii, C. occidentalis, C. oligosperma, C. pachystigma, C. parviflora, C. pattersonii, C. penduliflora, C. pensylvanica, C. pratensis, C. purpurea, C. rupicola, C. umbellata
C. angulata, C. angustata, C. bellidifolia, C. blaisdellii, C. breweri, C. bulbosa, C. californica, C. clematitis, C. concatenata, C. cordifolia, C. digitata, C. diphylla, C. dissecta, C. douglassii, C. flagellifera, C. flexuosa, C. hirsuta, C. holmgrenii, C. impatiens, C. longii, C. macrocarpa, C. maxima, C. micranthera, C. microphylla, C. nuttallii, C. nymanii, C. occidentalis, C. oligosperma, C. pachystigma, C. parviflora, C. pattersonii, C. penduliflora, C. pensylvanica, C. pratensis, C. purpurea, C. rotundifolia, C. rupicola, C. umbellata
Synonyms Dentaria rotundifolia
Name authority Michaux: Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2: 30. (1803) Detling: Madroño 3: 176, plate 9. (1935)
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