Cardamine rotundifolia |
Cardamine breweri |
|
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American bittercress, mountain watercress |
Brewer's bitter-cress, round bittercress |
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Habit | Perennials; glabrous throughout. | Perennials; usually glabrous, rarely sparsely pubescent basally. |
Rhizomes | slender, to 2 mm diam. |
cylindrical, slender (rarely slightly thickened at stem base), 1–3(–4) mm diam. |
Stems | usually procumbent, sometimes erect, (not flexuous), unbranched or branched, (1–)1.5–3(–5) dm. |
erect or decumbent basally, unbranched or branched, (0.6–)1.5–6(–7) dm. |
Basal leaves | (soon withered), not rosulate. |
|
Rhizomal leaves | absent. |
absent. |
Cauline leaves | simple, petiolate; petiole (0.3–)0.5–2.5(–4) cm, base not auriculate; blade oblong, ovate, suborbicular, or cordate, (0.5–)1–4.5(–5.5) cm × (5–)10–40(–54) mm, base cordate, rounded, or truncate, margins entire, repand, or sinuate, (distally with shorter petiole, blade smaller). |
3–8(–11), 3 or 5-foliolate (rarely only terminal leaflet present), petiolate, leaflets petiolulate or subsessile; petiole (0.7–)1–4(–6) cm, base not auriculate; lateral leaflets (when present) subsessile or petiolulate (to 0.4 cm), blade similar to terminal, often much smaller and narrower than terminal; terminal leaflet (petiolule 0.4–1.6 cm), blade usually ovate to orbicular, rarely subcordate, 1.5–4(–5) cm × 15–35(–50) mm, base truncate, rounded, or cordate, margins crenate, dentate, sinuate, or to 11-lobed. |
Racemes | ebracteate. |
ebracteate. |
Flowers | sepals oblong, 2–3 × 1–1.7 mm, lateral pair not saccate basally; petals white, broadly oblanceolate, spreading, 5–7(–8) × 2–3 mm, (not clawed, apex rounded); filaments: median pairs 3.5–4.5 mm, lateral pair 2.7–3.5 mm; anthers oblong, 0.8–1.2 mm. |
sepals oblong, 2–3(–3.8) × 1–1.5 mm, lateral pair not saccate basally; petals white, oblanceolate, 3.5–6(–7) × 1.5–2.5(–3) mm (not clawed, apex rounded or ± emarginate); filaments: median pairs 2.5–3.5 mm, lateral pair 2–2.5 mm; anthers oblong, 0.7–1 mm. |
Fruiting pedicels | divaricate to ascending, (6–)10–15(–20) mm. |
ascending to divaricate-ascending, (7–)10–20 mm. |
Fruits | linear, (torulose), 1–1.5(–2) cm × 0.8–1.1 mm; ovules 40–80 per ovary; style 1.5–2.5 mm. |
linear, 1.5–3.5 cm × 1–1.5 mm; ovules 14–28 per ovary; style 0.2–1.5(–2.5) mm. |
Seeds | brown, oblong to ovoid, 0.9–1.1 × 0.5–0.6 mm. |
brown, oblong, 1–1.6 × 0.9–1.1 mm. |
Cardamine rotundifolia |
Cardamine breweri |
|
Phenology | Flowering Apr–Jun. | Flowering Jun–Jul. |
Habitat | Stream banks, swamps, low woodland, wet rocky areas, seepage areas | Stream banks, seepage, lakeshores, creeks, wet meadows, swamps, ponds |
Elevation | 150-400 m (500-1300 ft) | 1200-3000 m (3900-9800 ft) |
Distribution |
DE; GA; KY; MD; NC; NJ; NY; OH; PA; TN; VA; WV
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CA; CO; ID; MT; NV; OR; UT; WA; WY; BC
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Source | FNA vol. 7, p. 483. | FNA vol. 7, p. 469. |
Parent taxa | ||
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Dentaria rotundifolia | C. breweri var. leibergii, C. breweri var. orbicularis, C. breweri var. oregana, C. callosicrenata, C. foliacea, C. hederifolia, C. leibergii, C. modocensis, C. orbicularis, C. oregana, C. vallicola, C. vallicola subsp. leibergii |
Name authority | Michaux: Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2: 30. (1803) | S. Watson: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 10: 339. (1875) |
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