Cardamine rotundifolia |
Cardamine bellidifolia |
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American bittercress, mountain watercress |
alpine bitter-cress |
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Habit | Perennials; glabrous throughout. | Perennials (somewhat cespitose, subscapose); glabrous throughout. |
Rhizomes | slender, to 2 mm diam. |
absent (caudex usually with slender, rarely stout, rhizomelike branches). |
Stems | usually procumbent, sometimes erect, (not flexuous), unbranched or branched, (1–)1.5–3(–5) dm. |
erect to ascending, branched (several), 0.1–0.8(–1.4) dm, glabrous. |
Basal leaves | (soon withered), not rosulate. |
rosulate, simple, (0.6–)1.2–5(–7) cm; petiole (3–)1–3.5(–5.5) cm; blade usually ovate to oblong, rarely oblanceolate to obovate, (0.4–)0.8–1.7(–2.5) cm × (2–)5–10(–16) mm, base cuneate to obtuse, margins usually entire, rarely repand or obtusely small-toothed (apex obtuse). |
Rhizomal leaves | absent. |
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Cauline leaves | simple, petiolate; petiole (0.3–)0.5–2.5(–4) cm, base not auriculate; blade oblong, ovate, suborbicular, or cordate, (0.5–)1–4.5(–5.5) cm × (5–)10–40(–54) mm, base cordate, rounded, or truncate, margins entire, repand, or sinuate, (distally with shorter petiole, blade smaller). |
0 or 1 (or 2), simple, shortly petiolate; petiole base not auriculate; blade similar to basal leaves, much smaller. |
Racemes | ebracteate. |
ebracteate. |
Flowers | sepals oblong, 2–3 × 1–1.7 mm, lateral pair not saccate basally; petals white, broadly oblanceolate, spreading, 5–7(–8) × 2–3 mm, (not clawed, apex rounded); filaments: median pairs 3.5–4.5 mm, lateral pair 2.7–3.5 mm; anthers oblong, 0.8–1.2 mm. |
sepals oblong, 2–3(–4) × 0.8–1.5(–2) mm, lateral pair not saccate basally; petals white, oblanceolate, 4–5.5(–7) × 1.3–2(–2.5) mm (not clawed, apex rounded or emarginate); filaments: median pairs 2.5–4 mm, lateral pair 2–3 mm; anthers oblong, 0.5–0.9 mm. |
Fruiting pedicels | divaricate to ascending, (6–)10–15(–20) mm. |
ascending to erect, 3–6(–8) mm. |
Fruits | linear, (torulose), 1–1.5(–2) cm × 0.8–1.1 mm; ovules 40–80 per ovary; style 1.5–2.5 mm. |
linear, (0.8–)1.3–2.8(–3.7) cm × 1.3–2 mm; ovules 8–18 per ovary; style 0.5–3 mm. |
Seeds | brown, oblong to ovoid, 0.9–1.1 × 0.5–0.6 mm. |
brown, oblong, 1.5–2 × 0.9–1.2 mm. |
2n | = 16. |
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Cardamine rotundifolia |
Cardamine bellidifolia |
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Phenology | Flowering Apr–Jun. | Flowering Jun–Sep. |
Habitat | Stream banks, swamps, low woodland, wet rocky areas, seepage areas | Mossy areas, tundra, marshes at stream headwaters, cliffs, talus slopes, barren chert slopes, moist rock crevices, rocky slopes, alpine streams, sandy beaches, moist rocky streambeds |
Elevation | 150-400 m (500-1300 ft) | 0-2300 m (0-7500 ft) |
Distribution |
DE; GA; KY; MD; NC; NJ; NY; OH; PA; TN; VA; WV
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AK; CA; ME; NH; OR; WA; AB; BC; LB; NT; NU; QC; YT; Greenland; n Europe; Asia (Russian Far East, Siberia)
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Source | FNA vol. 7, p. 483. | FNA vol. 7, p. 468. |
Parent taxa | ||
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Dentaria rotundifolia | C. bellidifolia var. beringensis, C. bellidifolia var. laxa, C. bellidifolia var. pachyphylla, C. bellidifolia var. pinnatifida |
Name authority | Michaux: Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2: 30. (1803) | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 654. (1753) |
Web links |
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