Cardamine flagellifera |
Cardamine umbellata |
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Blue Ridge bittercress |
Siberian bittercress, umbel bitter-cress, umbellate bittercress |
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Habit | Perennials; hirsute or pilose proximally, sparsely pubescent or glabrous distally. | Perennials; usually glabrous. |
Rhizomes | swollen, compact at stem base, (fleshy, stolons many, slender, ca. 1 mm diam., pubescent or glabrous). |
often elongated, usually slender, rarely thickened, 1–2(–5) mm diam., (not fleshy). |
Stems | erect, usually unbranched, rarely branched distally, 1–2.5 dm, sparsely to densely hirsute or pilose proximally, sparsely so or glabrous distally. |
(simple or few to several from base), erect to ascending, (not flexuous), unbranched basally, sometimes branched distally, (0.3–)0.8–2.5(–3) dm. |
Basal leaves | (sometimes withered by anthesis), rosulate, pinnately compound, (3 or) 5 or 7 (or 9)-foliolate, 2–5(–9) cm, leaflets petiolulate or subsessile; lateral leaflets shortly petiolulate or subsessile, blade usually broadly ovate, rarely broadly obovate or orbicular, smaller than terminal, margins usually entire, rarely slightly 3 (or 5)-lobed or crenate; terminal leaflet subsessile, blade reniform or orbicular, 0.4–0.8(–1.2) cm × 5–9(–16) mm, margins entire or 3 (or 5)-lobed or crenate. |
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Rhizomal leaves | usually simple, rarely 3-foliolate, (3–)6–16 cm, leaflets petiolulate or subsessile; petiole (1.5–)4–13 cm; lateral leaflets subsessile or petiolulate (to 0.5 cm), blade similar to terminal, much smaller; terminal leaflet (petiolule 0.5–2 cm), blade orbicular to reniform or broadly ovate, (1–)1.5–4.5 cm, base cordate, margins repand to coarsely crenate, (apiculate at vein endings, surfaces sparsely pubescent or glabrous). |
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Cauline leaves | 2–5, 3 or 5-foliolate, petiolate, leaflets petiolulate or subsessile; petiole 0.8–5 cm, base not auriculate; lateral leaflets sessile or petiolulate (to 0.5 cm), blade similar to terminal, smaller; terminal leaflet petiolulate (0.5–1.5 cm), blade broadly ovate to suborbicular, 1.5–4(–5) cm × 12–35 mm, margins repand to coarsely crenate or slightly lobed, (apiculate at vein endings, margins glabrous). |
3–5(–7), 3–7 (or 9)-foliolate, petiolate, leaflets subsessile or sessile; base not auriculate; lateral leaflets: blade narrowly obovate, oblanceolate to linear, margins similar to terminal; terminal leaflet blade narrowly obovate, ovate, oblanceolate, lanceolate, oblong, margins usually entire, sometimes 3-lobed or crenate. |
Racemes | ebracteate. |
ebracteate, (subumbellate, 2–8(–14)-flowered, rachis usually 3–20 mm). |
Flowers | sepals (ascending) oblong, 3–3.5 × 1–1.5 mm, lateral pair not saccate basally; petals white, oblanceolate, 5–6.5(–8) × 1.5–2.5 mm, (not clawed, apex obtuse to subemarginate); filaments: median pairs 3.5–5 mm, lateral pair 2.5–3 mm; anthers oblong, 1.2–1.6 mm. |
sepals (greenish or purplish), oblong, 1–2 × 0.5–1 mm, lateral pair not saccate basally; petals white, narrowly obovate, 2.5–5 × 1–3 mm. |
Fruiting pedicels | ascending to divaricate-ascending, 7–20 mm. |
suberect to ascending, 3–8(–10) mm. |
Fruits | linear, 1.5–2.5 cm × 1–1.2 mm; ovules 10–14 per ovary; style 1.2–2.5 mm. |
linear, (torulose), (1.3–)1.8–2.5(–3) cm × 0.8–1.5(–2) mm; (valves glabrous or sparsely pubescent); style 0.5–2 mm. |
Seeds | brown, oblong, 1.2–1.7 × 0.8–1.1 mm. |
brown, oblong, 1–1.5 × 0.8–1 mm. |
2n | = 32, 36, 48. |
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Cardamine flagellifera |
Cardamine umbellata |
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Phenology | Flowering Mar–Jun. | Flowering Jun–Sep. |
Habitat | Moist wooded slopes, gorges, wooded ravines, seepage places | Stream banks, tundra, alpine slopes, wetlands, damp, swampy and mossy areas, beach gravel and sand, alpine stream margins |
Elevation | 300-1000 m (1000-3300 ft) | 0-1800 m (0-5900 ft) |
Distribution |
GA; NC; SC; TN; WV |
AK; WA; AB; BC; NT; YT; e Asia (Russian Far East)
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Discussion | Recent molecular data (J. Lihová et al. 2006) indicate that Cardamine umbellata, often treated as a variety of C. oligosperma, represents a distinct lineage more closely related to taxa from New Zealand; this does not exclude C. oligosperma as one of the possible parents of this polyploid. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Source | FNA vol. 7, p. 474. | FNA vol. 7, p. 484. |
Parent taxa | ||
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | C. flagellifera var. hugeri, C. hugeri | C. hirsuta subsp. kamtschatica, C. kamtschatica, C. oligosperma var. kamtschatica, C. sylvatica var. kamtschatica |
Name authority | O. E. Schulz: Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 32: 405. (1903) | Greene: Pittonia 3: 154. (1897) |
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