Cardamine flagellifera |
Cardamine rotundifolia |
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Blue Ridge bittercress |
American bittercress, mountain watercress |
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Habit | Perennials; hirsute or pilose proximally, sparsely pubescent or glabrous distally. | Perennials; glabrous throughout. |
Rhizomes | swollen, compact at stem base, (fleshy, stolons many, slender, ca. 1 mm diam., pubescent or glabrous). |
slender, to 2 mm diam. |
Stems | erect, usually unbranched, rarely branched distally, 1–2.5 dm, sparsely to densely hirsute or pilose proximally, sparsely so or glabrous distally. |
usually procumbent, sometimes erect, (not flexuous), unbranched or branched, (1–)1.5–3(–5) dm. |
Basal leaves | (soon withered), not rosulate. |
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Rhizomal leaves | usually simple, rarely 3-foliolate, (3–)6–16 cm, leaflets petiolulate or subsessile; petiole (1.5–)4–13 cm; lateral leaflets subsessile or petiolulate (to 0.5 cm), blade similar to terminal, much smaller; terminal leaflet (petiolule 0.5–2 cm), blade orbicular to reniform or broadly ovate, (1–)1.5–4.5 cm, base cordate, margins repand to coarsely crenate, (apiculate at vein endings, surfaces sparsely pubescent or glabrous). |
absent. |
Cauline leaves | 2–5, 3 or 5-foliolate, petiolate, leaflets petiolulate or subsessile; petiole 0.8–5 cm, base not auriculate; lateral leaflets sessile or petiolulate (to 0.5 cm), blade similar to terminal, smaller; terminal leaflet petiolulate (0.5–1.5 cm), blade broadly ovate to suborbicular, 1.5–4(–5) cm × 12–35 mm, margins repand to coarsely crenate or slightly lobed, (apiculate at vein endings, margins glabrous). |
simple, petiolate; petiole (0.3–)0.5–2.5(–4) cm, base not auriculate; blade oblong, ovate, suborbicular, or cordate, (0.5–)1–4.5(–5.5) cm × (5–)10–40(–54) mm, base cordate, rounded, or truncate, margins entire, repand, or sinuate, (distally with shorter petiole, blade smaller). |
Racemes | ebracteate. |
ebracteate. |
Flowers | sepals (ascending) oblong, 3–3.5 × 1–1.5 mm, lateral pair not saccate basally; petals white, oblanceolate, 5–6.5(–8) × 1.5–2.5 mm, (not clawed, apex obtuse to subemarginate); filaments: median pairs 3.5–5 mm, lateral pair 2.5–3 mm; anthers oblong, 1.2–1.6 mm. |
sepals oblong, 2–3 × 1–1.7 mm, lateral pair not saccate basally; petals white, broadly oblanceolate, spreading, 5–7(–8) × 2–3 mm, (not clawed, apex rounded); filaments: median pairs 3.5–4.5 mm, lateral pair 2.7–3.5 mm; anthers oblong, 0.8–1.2 mm. |
Fruiting pedicels | ascending to divaricate-ascending, 7–20 mm. |
divaricate to ascending, (6–)10–15(–20) mm. |
Fruits | linear, 1.5–2.5 cm × 1–1.2 mm; ovules 10–14 per ovary; style 1.2–2.5 mm. |
linear, (torulose), 1–1.5(–2) cm × 0.8–1.1 mm; ovules 40–80 per ovary; style 1.5–2.5 mm. |
Seeds | brown, oblong, 1.2–1.7 × 0.8–1.1 mm. |
brown, oblong to ovoid, 0.9–1.1 × 0.5–0.6 mm. |
Cardamine flagellifera |
Cardamine rotundifolia |
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Phenology | Flowering Mar–Jun. | Flowering Apr–Jun. |
Habitat | Moist wooded slopes, gorges, wooded ravines, seepage places | Stream banks, swamps, low woodland, wet rocky areas, seepage areas |
Elevation | 300-1000 m (1000-3300 ft) | 150-400 m (500-1300 ft) |
Distribution |
GA; NC; SC; TN; WV |
DE; GA; KY; MD; NC; NJ; NY; OH; PA; TN; VA; WV
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Source | FNA vol. 7, p. 474. | FNA vol. 7, p. 483. |
Parent taxa | ||
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | C. flagellifera var. hugeri, C. hugeri | Dentaria rotundifolia |
Name authority | O. E. Schulz: Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 32: 405. (1903) | Michaux: Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2: 30. (1803) |
Web links |