Cardamine flagellifera |
Cardamine bellidifolia |
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Blue Ridge bittercress |
alpine bitter-cress |
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Habit | Perennials; hirsute or pilose proximally, sparsely pubescent or glabrous distally. | Perennials (somewhat cespitose, subscapose); glabrous throughout. |
Rhizomes | swollen, compact at stem base, (fleshy, stolons many, slender, ca. 1 mm diam., pubescent or glabrous). |
absent (caudex usually with slender, rarely stout, rhizomelike branches). |
Stems | erect, usually unbranched, rarely branched distally, 1–2.5 dm, sparsely to densely hirsute or pilose proximally, sparsely so or glabrous distally. |
erect to ascending, branched (several), 0.1–0.8(–1.4) dm, glabrous. |
Basal leaves | rosulate, simple, (0.6–)1.2–5(–7) cm; petiole (3–)1–3.5(–5.5) cm; blade usually ovate to oblong, rarely oblanceolate to obovate, (0.4–)0.8–1.7(–2.5) cm × (2–)5–10(–16) mm, base cuneate to obtuse, margins usually entire, rarely repand or obtusely small-toothed (apex obtuse). |
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Rhizomal leaves | usually simple, rarely 3-foliolate, (3–)6–16 cm, leaflets petiolulate or subsessile; petiole (1.5–)4–13 cm; lateral leaflets subsessile or petiolulate (to 0.5 cm), blade similar to terminal, much smaller; terminal leaflet (petiolule 0.5–2 cm), blade orbicular to reniform or broadly ovate, (1–)1.5–4.5 cm, base cordate, margins repand to coarsely crenate, (apiculate at vein endings, surfaces sparsely pubescent or glabrous). |
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Cauline leaves | 2–5, 3 or 5-foliolate, petiolate, leaflets petiolulate or subsessile; petiole 0.8–5 cm, base not auriculate; lateral leaflets sessile or petiolulate (to 0.5 cm), blade similar to terminal, smaller; terminal leaflet petiolulate (0.5–1.5 cm), blade broadly ovate to suborbicular, 1.5–4(–5) cm × 12–35 mm, margins repand to coarsely crenate or slightly lobed, (apiculate at vein endings, margins glabrous). |
0 or 1 (or 2), simple, shortly petiolate; petiole base not auriculate; blade similar to basal leaves, much smaller. |
Racemes | ebracteate. |
ebracteate. |
Flowers | sepals (ascending) oblong, 3–3.5 × 1–1.5 mm, lateral pair not saccate basally; petals white, oblanceolate, 5–6.5(–8) × 1.5–2.5 mm, (not clawed, apex obtuse to subemarginate); filaments: median pairs 3.5–5 mm, lateral pair 2.5–3 mm; anthers oblong, 1.2–1.6 mm. |
sepals oblong, 2–3(–4) × 0.8–1.5(–2) mm, lateral pair not saccate basally; petals white, oblanceolate, 4–5.5(–7) × 1.3–2(–2.5) mm (not clawed, apex rounded or emarginate); filaments: median pairs 2.5–4 mm, lateral pair 2–3 mm; anthers oblong, 0.5–0.9 mm. |
Fruiting pedicels | ascending to divaricate-ascending, 7–20 mm. |
ascending to erect, 3–6(–8) mm. |
Fruits | linear, 1.5–2.5 cm × 1–1.2 mm; ovules 10–14 per ovary; style 1.2–2.5 mm. |
linear, (0.8–)1.3–2.8(–3.7) cm × 1.3–2 mm; ovules 8–18 per ovary; style 0.5–3 mm. |
Seeds | brown, oblong, 1.2–1.7 × 0.8–1.1 mm. |
brown, oblong, 1.5–2 × 0.9–1.2 mm. |
2n | = 16. |
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Cardamine flagellifera |
Cardamine bellidifolia |
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Phenology | Flowering Mar–Jun. | Flowering Jun–Sep. |
Habitat | Moist wooded slopes, gorges, wooded ravines, seepage places | Mossy areas, tundra, marshes at stream headwaters, cliffs, talus slopes, barren chert slopes, moist rock crevices, rocky slopes, alpine streams, sandy beaches, moist rocky streambeds |
Elevation | 300-1000 m (1000-3300 ft) | 0-2300 m (0-7500 ft) |
Distribution |
GA; NC; SC; TN; WV |
AK; CA; ME; NH; OR; WA; AB; BC; LB; NT; NU; QC; YT; Greenland; n Europe; Asia (Russian Far East, Siberia)
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Source | FNA vol. 7, p. 474. | FNA vol. 7, p. 468. |
Parent taxa | ||
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | C. flagellifera var. hugeri, C. hugeri | C. bellidifolia var. beringensis, C. bellidifolia var. laxa, C. bellidifolia var. pachyphylla, C. bellidifolia var. pinnatifida |
Name authority | O. E. Schulz: Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 32: 405. (1903) | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 654. (1753) |
Web links |
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