Cardamine diphylla |
Cardamine rotundifolia |
|
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broadleaf toothwort, crinkleroot, two-leaf toothwort |
American bittercress, mountain watercress |
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Habit | Perennials; usually glabrous, rarely sparsely pubescent. | Perennials; glabrous throughout. |
Rhizomes | (unsegmented), cylindrical, 2–10 mm diam., (somewhat uniform, fleshy, not fragile, with dentate leaf scars). |
slender, to 2 mm diam. |
Stems | erect, unbranched, (1.2–)1.5–3.5(–4) dm, rarely sparsely pubescent distally. |
usually procumbent, sometimes erect, (not flexuous), unbranched or branched, (1–)1.5–3(–5) dm. |
Basal leaves | (soon withered), not rosulate. |
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Rhizomal leaves | 3-foliolate, (5.5–)8–22(–26) cm, leaflets petiolulate or subsessile; petiole (3–)4.5–16(–20) cm; lateral leaflets subsessile or petiolulate, blade often similar to terminal, base sometimes oblique; terminal leaflet (petiolule 0.5–1.2 cm), blade ovate-elliptic to broadly ovate, (2–)3.5–8(–10) cm × (5–)20–65(–80) mm, base cuneate to obtuse, margins coarsely crenate or dentate, (surfaces puberulent, trichomes to 0.1 mm). |
absent. |
Cauline leaves | 2 (or 3) [(sub)opposite], 3-foliolate, (similar to rhizomal leaves), petiolate, leaflets petiolulate or subsessile; petiole (1–)2–4.5 cm, base not auriculate; lateral leaflets similar to terminal; terminal leaflet subsessile or petiolulate (0.2–1 cm), blade broadly elliptic to ovate, (2–)4–8(–10) cm × 10–50 mm, margins coarsely dentate or crenate, (margins minutely puberulent). |
simple, petiolate; petiole (0.3–)0.5–2.5(–4) cm, base not auriculate; blade oblong, ovate, suborbicular, or cordate, (0.5–)1–4.5(–5.5) cm × (5–)10–40(–54) mm, base cordate, rounded, or truncate, margins entire, repand, or sinuate, (distally with shorter petiole, blade smaller). |
Racemes | ebracteate. |
ebracteate. |
Flowers | sepals oblong, (4–)5–8 × 2–3 mm, lateral pair slightly saccate basally; petals white or pink to purple, obovate to oblanceolate, (7–)9–15(–17) × (3–)4–7 mm, (short-clawed, apex rounded); filaments: median pairs 5–8 mm, lateral pair 3.5–6 mm; anthers linear to oblong, 2.5–3 mm. |
sepals oblong, 2–3 × 1–1.7 mm, lateral pair not saccate basally; petals white, broadly oblanceolate, spreading, 5–7(–8) × 2–3 mm, (not clawed, apex rounded); filaments: median pairs 3.5–4.5 mm, lateral pair 2.7–3.5 mm; anthers oblong, 0.8–1.2 mm. |
Fruiting pedicels | ascending to divaricate, (10–)15–30(–36) mm. |
divaricate to ascending, (6–)10–15(–20) mm. |
Fruits | linear-lanceolate, 1.5–4 cm × 1.5–2.5 mm; ovules 10–14 per ovary; style 4–8(–10) mm. |
linear, (torulose), 1–1.5(–2) cm × 0.8–1.1 mm; ovules 40–80 per ovary; style 1.5–2.5 mm. |
Seeds | (rarely produced) brown, oblong, 2–2.2 × 1.2–1.5 mm (cotyledons incumbent). |
brown, oblong to ovoid, 0.9–1.1 × 0.5–0.6 mm. |
2n | = 96. |
|
Cardamine diphylla |
Cardamine rotundifolia |
|
Phenology | Flowering Apr–Jun. | Flowering Apr–Jun. |
Habitat | Wooded bottoms and ravines, cliffs, bluffs, ledges, shaded slopes, meadows, moist fields, alluvial banks, rich woods | Stream banks, swamps, low woodland, wet rocky areas, seepage areas |
Elevation | 50-1300 m (200-4300 ft) | 150-400 m (500-1300 ft) |
Distribution |
AL; AR; CT; GA; IL; IN; KY; MA; ME; MI; MN; NC; NH; NJ; NY; OH; PA; SC; TN; VA; VT; WI; WV; NB; NS; ON; QC
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DE; GA; KY; MD; NC; NJ; NY; OH; PA; TN; VA; WV
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Source | FNA vol. 7, p. 472. | FNA vol. 7, p. 483. |
Parent taxa | ||
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Dentaria diphylla, Dentaria bifolia, Dentaria incisa | Dentaria rotundifolia |
Name authority | (Michaux) Alph. Wood: Amer. Bot. Fl., 37. (1870) | Michaux: Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2: 30. (1803) |
Web links |