Cardamine digitata |
Cardamine pachystigma |
|
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Richardson's bittercress |
rock toothwort, serpentine bittercress |
|
Habit | Perennials; glabrous throughout. | Perennials; glabrous. |
Rhizomes | cylindrical, slender, 0.5–1.5 mm diam. |
ovoid to oblong, (3–)4–18 mm diam., (fleshy, deeply underground). |
Stems | erect, unbranched, (0.6–)1–2(–3) dm. |
erect, unbranched, 1–3 dm. |
Rhizomal leaves | pinnately 5 or 7-foliolate, (2–)4–10 cm, (not fleshy), leaflets sessile; petiole (1.5–)3–7(–9) cm; lateral leaflets similar to terminal, blade sometimes smaller; terminal leaflet blade linear to narrowly oblong or narrowly lanceolate, (0.5–)1–2.5(–3.3) cm × 0.5–4(–8) mm, base cuneate to attenuate, margins entire. |
simple, 1.2–2.3 cm; petiole 6.7–19.5 cm; blade orbicular to reniform, or cordate to broadly ovate, 2.7–5.5 cm × 30–68 mm, base cordate to subtruncate, margins with obtuse teeth terminating in apiculae. |
Cauline leaves | (1 or) 2 or 3, 5 or 7-foliolate, petiolate, leaflets sessile; petiole (0.2–)0.5–1.2(–1.5) cm, base not auriculate; lateral leaflets similar to terminal, blade smaller; terminal leaflet blade narrowly lanceolate to linear, 1–3.2(–4) cm × 0.8–2.5(–3.5) mm, base cuneate to attenuate, margins entire (apex acute to acuminate). |
2–5, (crowded distally), simple; petiole 0.3–2.6 cm, base not auriculate; blade similar to basal, 1.8–5.5 cm × 12–47mm, base cuneate or obtuse to subcordate, marginal teeth apiculate. |
Racemes | ebracteate. |
ebracteate. |
Flowers | sepals ovate, 2.5–3.5 × 1.5–2.5 mm, lateral pair not saccate basally; petals white, obovate, 5–9 × 2.5–5 mm (clawed, apex rounded); filaments: median pairs 3–4.5 mm, lateral pair 1.5–2.5 mm; anthers oblong, 1–1.5 mm. |
sepals oblong, 4–7 × 2–2.5 mm, lateral pair saccate basally; petals usually pink or purple, rarely white, obovate to oblanceolate, 14–18 × 5–7 mm, (claw to 9 mm, apex rounded); filaments: median pairs 7–8 mm, lateral pair 5.5–6.5 mm; anthers oblong, ca. 1.5 mm. |
Fruiting pedicels | suberect to divaricate-ascending, (7–)10–25 mm. |
divaricate to ascending, 7–24 mm. |
Fruits | linear, (1.5–)2–4 cm × 1.5–2 mm; ovules 6–12 per ovary; style (1–)1.5–2.5(–4) mm. |
linear, 3.2–5.4 cm × 2.2–4 mm; ovules 10–14 per ovary; style 4–7 mm. |
Seeds | brown, oblong, 1.8–2.2 × 0.9–1.1 mm. |
brown, broadly ovoid, 2–2.8 × 1.8–2.5 mm. |
2n | = 28, 42. |
|
Cardamine digitata |
Cardamine pachystigma |
|
Phenology | Flowering Jun–Aug. | Flowering Mar–May. |
Habitat | Damp flats, stream banks, tundra, meadows, bluffs, hummocks, sandy beaches, slopes, mossy mats, sedge swales | Forests, lava slides, talus, cliffs |
Elevation | 0-1400 m (0-4600 ft) | 700-2900 m (2300-9500 ft) |
Distribution |
AK; NT; YT; ne Asia (Russian Far East, Siberia) |
CA
|
Discussion | Cardamine pachystigma is known from the disjunct counties of Plumas, Tehama, and Tulare. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
|
Source | FNA vol. 7, p. 472. | FNA vol. 7, p. 480. |
Parent taxa | ||
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | C. digitata var. oxyphylla, C. hyperborea, C. hyperborea var. oxyphylla, C. richardsonii | Dentaria californica var. pachystigma, C. californica var. pachystigma, Dentaria corymbosa var. grata, Dentaria pachystigma |
Name authority | Richardson: in J. Franklin, Narr. Journey Polar Sea, 743. (1823) | (S. Watson) Rollins: Harvard Pap. Bot. 1(4): 45. (1993) |
Web links |