Cardamine breweri |
Cardamine occidentalis |
|
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Brewer's bitter-cress, round bittercress |
big western bitter-cress, western bitter-cress, western toothwort |
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Habit | Perennials; usually glabrous, rarely sparsely pubescent basally. | Perennials; glabrous or hirsute. |
Rhizomes | cylindrical, slender (rarely slightly thickened at stem base), 1–3(–4) mm diam. |
(tuberiform, fragile), ovoid or globose at base of stem, 3–10 mm diam., (fleshy). |
Stems | erect or decumbent basally, unbranched or branched, (0.6–)1.5–6(–7) dm. |
(simple from base), erect to ascending, (not flexuous), unbranched or branched distally, 1–5 dm, glabrous or pubescent proximally. |
Basal leaves | not rosulate, pinnately compound, (3 or) 5 (or 7)-foliolate, 2–10 cm, leaflets petiolulate or subsessile; petiole 0.5–6.5 cm; lateral leaflets petiolulate or subsessile, blade similar to terminal, ovate, smaller, margins entire; terminal leaflet (petiolule 0.03–0.18 cm), blade orbicular to broadly ovate or subcordate, 0.5–2 cm × 7–25 mm, base cordate to rounded, margins entire or repand, (surfaces glabrous). |
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Rhizomal leaves | absent. |
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Cauline leaves | 3–8(–11), 3 or 5-foliolate (rarely only terminal leaflet present), petiolate, leaflets petiolulate or subsessile; petiole (0.7–)1–4(–6) cm, base not auriculate; lateral leaflets (when present) subsessile or petiolulate (to 0.4 cm), blade similar to terminal, often much smaller and narrower than terminal; terminal leaflet (petiolule 0.4–1.6 cm), blade usually ovate to orbicular, rarely subcordate, 1.5–4(–5) cm × 15–35(–50) mm, base truncate, rounded, or cordate, margins crenate, dentate, sinuate, or to 11-lobed. |
3–7, (3 or) 5 or 7-foliolate (middle ones 5 or 7-foliolate, smaller distally, becoming 3-foliolate), petiolate; petiole 0.5–3 cm, base not auriculate; lateral leaflets similar to terminal, smaller; terminal leaflet blade obovate to oblanceolate, 0.5–2.6 cm × 3–13 mm, margins shallowly toothed, entire, or repand. |
Racemes | ebracteate. |
ebracteate. |
Flowers | sepals oblong, 2–3(–3.8) × 1–1.5 mm, lateral pair not saccate basally; petals white, oblanceolate, 3.5–6(–7) × 1.5–2.5(–3) mm (not clawed, apex rounded or ± emarginate); filaments: median pairs 2.5–3.5 mm, lateral pair 2–2.5 mm; anthers oblong, 0.7–1 mm. |
sepals oblong, 1.7–2 × 1–1.2 mm, lateral pair not saccate basally; petals white, oblanceolate, 4–6 × 1.5–2 mm, (not clawed); filaments: median pairs 2–2.5 mm, lateral pair 1–1.5 mm; anthers ovate, 0.3–0.5 mm. |
Fruiting pedicels | ascending to divaricate-ascending, (7–)10–20 mm. |
divaricate-ascending, 7–18 mm. |
Fruits | linear, 1.5–3.5 cm × 1–1.5 mm; ovules 14–28 per ovary; style 0.2–1.5(–2.5) mm. |
linear, (torulose), 1.5–3.3 cm × 1.7–2.2 mm; (valves glabrous or sparsely pubescent); ovules 18–40 per ovary; style 0.5–1.5 mm. |
Seeds | brown, oblong, 1–1.6 × 0.9–1.1 mm. |
brown, ovoid, 1–1.6 × 1–1.2 mm. |
2n | = 64. |
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Cardamine breweri |
Cardamine occidentalis |
|
Phenology | Flowering Jun–Jul. | Flowering Apr–Jul. |
Habitat | Stream banks, seepage, lakeshores, creeks, wet meadows, swamps, ponds | Muddy grounds, lake margins, shallow streams, meadows |
Elevation | 1200-3000 m (3900-9800 ft) | 150-1500 m (500-4900 ft) |
Distribution |
CA; CO; ID; MT; NV; OR; UT; WA; WY; BC
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AK; CA; OR; WA; BC
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Source | FNA vol. 7, p. 469. | FNA vol. 7, p. 479. |
Parent taxa | ||
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | C. breweri var. leibergii, C. breweri var. orbicularis, C. breweri var. oregana, C. callosicrenata, C. foliacea, C. hederifolia, C. leibergii, C. modocensis, C. orbicularis, C. oregana, C. vallicola, C. vallicola subsp. leibergii | C. pratensis var. occidentalis, C. neglecta |
Name authority | S. Watson: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 10: 339. (1875) | (S. Watson) Howell: Fl. N.W. Amer., 50. (1897) |
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