Baccharis halimifolia
Baccharis havardii
consumption-weed, eastern baccharis, eastern false willow, sea-myrtle
Havard's false willow
erect to ascending, slender, striate-angled, glabrous or minutely scurfy, sometimes resinous.
erect (green to tan), slender, striate-angled, glabrous, resinous.
present at flowering; short-petiolate or sessile;
blades elliptic to broadly obovate or rhombic, main cauline rhombic, 30–50(–80) × 10–40(–60) mm (thick and firm), bases cuneate, margins entire proximally, usually coarsely serrate distal to middles (teeth 1–3 pairs), faces glabrous, gland-dotted, resinous (distal reduced, entire).
present at flowering; short-petiolate;
blades (1-nerved) narrowly spatulate to linear, 20–40 × 2–3 mm, reduced to bracts distally, bases attenuate, margins entire or toothed (teeth to 2 mm), faces glabrous, gland-dotted, resinous.
campanulate;
staminate 3–5 mm, pistillate 3–5 mm.
cylindro-campanulate;
staminate 3 mm, pistillate 4–4.5 mm.
20–30;
corollas 2.5–3.5 mm.
15–20;
corollas 3 mm.
25–30;
corollas 3–4 mm.
12–15;
corollas 3–4 mm.
ovate to lanceolate, 1–4 mm, margins scarious, medians green, apices obtuse to acute.
lanceolate, 1–4 mm, margins scarious, medians green or brownish, apices obtuse to acuminate (thickened, slightly erose and ciliate).
3–4 in loose pedunculate clusters in (terminal, leafy-bracted) broad paniculiform arrays.
in broad paniculiform arrays.
1–1.8 mm, 8–10-nerved, glabrous;
pappi 8–12 mm.
2–2.5 mm, 5-nerved, glabrous;
pappi 4 mm.
= 18.
Baccharis halimifolia
Baccharis havardii
Native to the Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plain, Baccharis halimifolia is recognized by its broad, distinctly rhombic, coarsely serrate basal leaves, pyramidal, leafy arrays, and cypselae with large fluffy pappi. The plants are often to 600 cm; the basal leaves might be missed by collectors. Forms with relatively narrow leaves are especially common in Arkansas, Louisiana, and east Texas. These may be the result of hybridization and introgression with B. neglecta, in areas where they are known to hybridize (D. J. Zanowiak 1991), or with B. angustifolia. Hybrids between B. halimifolia and B. angustifolia are known from Florida as well. Baccharis halimifolia has been introduced to Australia and France. In Australia it infests large areas along the coast of southern Queensland and New South Wales. Its success as an invasive weed is attributed to production of a large number of seeds that are widely dispersed by the wind, shade tolerant germination and seedlings, tolerance to wet soils and salinity, and ability to resprout after a fire (W. E. Westman et al. 1975). The leaves of B. halimifolia contain a cardiotoxic glycoside known to cause the death of sheep if they eat about one percent of their body weight in leaves.
(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
Found mainly in the Chisos and Davis Mountains of West Texas, Baccharis havardii is distinguished by its short bushy habit, narrow leaves with elongate teeth, and 5-nerved cypselae. G. L. Nesom (pers. comm.) suggested that it is weakly defined and further investigation may demonstrate it should be included in the Mexican species B. sulcata de Candolle (which name would have priority over B. havardii).
(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
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