Alcea |
Alcea rugosa |
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hollyhock |
Russian hollyhock |
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Habit | Herbs, [annual], biennial or perennial, stellate-hairy to pilose or hirsute or glabrous, [sometimes with some long, simple hairs, sometimes glabrate]. | Plants 1.5–2.5 m, stellate-hairy. | ||||
Stems | erect, usually simple. |
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Leaves | stipules persistent or caducous, ovate [unlobed] or 2–4-fid, sparsely to densely stellate-pilose; blade orbiculate, angled, weakly lobed or deeply palmately parted, base cordate, cuneate, or truncate, margins crenate-serrate, apex acute to obtuse. |
stipules ovate, 6–11 mm, apically 2–4-lobed; petiole equaling or longer than blade; blade ovate to ovate-orbiculate, usually 5–7-lobed 1/2 or more to midrib, often figlike, 7–15 cm, margins crenate. |
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Inflorescences | terminal and/or axillary, usually unbranched, racemes, often with 1–5-flowered axillary fascicles, elongate, flowers axillary, solitary or fascicled; involucellar bractlets persistent, attached to apex of pedicel, connate basally, 6–7[–9]-parted, stellate-hairy. |
simple, flowers solitary, subsessile; bracts leaflike. |
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Pedicels | 6 mm, to 8–10 mm in fruit; involucellar bractlets 6-parted, usually 1/2–2/3 calyx length. |
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Flowers | calyx usually accrescent, not inflated, lobes slightly or conspicuously striate, lanceolate, margins entire, apex obtuse to acuminate, densely stellate-pilose-hairy; corolla rotate, white, pink, red, purple, or yellow, darker or paler basally, base densely white-pilose-hairy; staminal column exserted, 5-angled, anthers crowded, pale yellow, glabrous; ovary [15–]20–40-carpellate; ovules 1 per carpel; style [15–]20–40-branched (equaling number of locules); stigmas decurrent, filiform. |
calyx hairy; corolla not doubled, 8–10 cm diam., petals pale yellow, usually drying greenish, notched, narrowed to base, 5 cm; staminal column bearing anthers at apex; anthers 5-rowed when viewed from above; style 20–40-branched. |
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Fruits | schizocarps, erect, not inflated, disc-shaped, dry, central axis equaling or shorter than mericarps, indehiscent; mericarps [15–]20–40, 2-celled (proximal cell 1-seeded, distal cell sterile), laterally compressed and reniform-circular with prominent ventral notch, smooth to wrinkled, hairy [glabrous]. |
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Seeds | 1 per mericarp, brown, reniform, glabrous or minutely hairy. |
tuberculate or not, glabrous or minutely hairy axially. |
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Schizocarps | enclosed by calyx, 2 cm diam.; mericarps (20–)30(–40), channeled and winged dorsally, 4–6 mm. |
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x | = 21 [n = 13, 21]. |
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2n | = 42. |
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Alcea |
Alcea rugosa |
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Phenology | Flowering May–Oct; fruiting Jun–Oct. | |||||
Habitat | Disturbed sites, roadsides, vacant lots | |||||
Elevation | 0–300 m (0–1000 ft) | |||||
Distribution |
s Europe; Asia (Mediterranean region to c Asia) [Introduced in North America] |
MD; WI; e Europe; w Asia [Introduced in North America; introduced widely] |
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Discussion | A few species of Alcea are widely cultivated and both species in the flora area are escapes from cultivation. Various authors have treated some of these taxa within Althaea, but this disagrees with Linnaeus’s concepts of the two genera as quite distinct. The primary difference is that Alcea has a two-chambered mericarp (the upper chamber being empty and vestigial) and yellowish anthers, and Althaea has a one-chambered mericarp and purple or brownish-purple anthers. Current treatments consistently accept the two genera as distinct; see M. E. Uzunhisarcikii and M. Vural (2012) for a discussion of the two genera and their circumscriptions. Alcea biennis Winterl occasionally is planted and rarely is found as an escape. It differs from the two species treated here by its white to pink corolla with a pale yellow to greenish center and by its generally more deeply lobed petals that are usually more separated and less overlapping. Its involucel is more than one-half as long as the calyx, sometimes equal in length, the sepals are conspicuously striate, the pedicel is 1–25 mm long, and the mericarps are conspicuously winged; its leaves are inconspicuously lobed or merely angled. Species ca. 70 (2 in the flora). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Alcea rugosa is a showy ornamental that is becoming more frequent in cultivation because it is more resistant to hollyhock rust (Puccinia malvacearum) than A. rosea. The species is native in temperate eastern Europe in Ukraine and the Russian Federation, and to western Asia in Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia. It occasionally escapes and naturalizes in disturbed temperate areas worldwide. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 6, p. 227. | FNA vol. 6, p. 229. | ||||
Parent taxa | ||||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||
Synonyms | A. novopokrovski, A. taurica, Althaea rugosa | |||||
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 687. (1753): Gen. Pl. ed. 5, 307. (1754) | Alefeld: Oesterr. Bot. Z. 12: 254. (1862) | ||||
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